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10 - 20241017 Chapter 10 - Climate Change _ PCChapter 10: Climate Change Chapter 10. Climate Change 10.1 Introduction The City of Port Orchard is likely to face challenges due to climate change over the next twenty years, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and ecological shifts that will directly affect the City's existing businesses, residents and the environment. This chapter will begin the important process of planning for climate change in the City of Port Orchard, focusing on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing the City's resilience to the impacts of climate change. Climate Change Vision Port Orchard is an environmentally resilient community, actively participating in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in alignment with Washington State'sgoal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. Puget Sound Regional Council's (PSRC) Vision 2050 provides a roadmap for managing growth, transportation, and economic development across our region. By 2050, the Puget Sound region population is projected to reach 5.8 million people.' Vision 2050 plays an important role in addressing climate change as the region grows by emphasizing clean energy, sustainable transportation, and resilient communities. The document serves as a guide for local jurisdictions, including Port Orchard, to prepare for growth while preserving the environment and promoting equity. In 2023, the Washington State Legislature passed House Bill 1181, enhancing the state's response to climate change. This legislation amends the Growth Management Act (GMA), requiring cities and counties fully planning under the GMA to incorporate a dedicated climate element into their comprehensive plan. Within this element, two sub -elements must be addressed: Reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions • The City of Port Orchard commits to ambitious goals for reducing emissions, promoting cleaner energy sources, and minimizing our carbon footprint, consistent with Washington State's GHG goal of net zero emissions by 2050. • The City seeks to explore innovative strategies to encourage sustainable transportation, energy efficiency, and renewable energy adoption. Climate Resiliency Planning: • The City of Port Orchard recognizes the inevitability of climate impacts and prioritizes resilience. This chapter will outline strategies to enhance community preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. • The City aims to protect vulnerable populations, critical infrastructure, and natural systems from climate -related disruptions. During the course of 2024, this chapter will be a living document and will be updated as the City's planning efforts progress. The development of a climate change element is anticipated to take approximately one year of study and should incorporate input from stakeholders and the public. To fully understand the impacts of climate change, the City must also have a baseline of current greenhouse gas emissions and other climate change indicators. Some of this information is currently available through ' Puget Sound Regional Council Vision 2050 Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group's (UW CIG) Climate Mapping for a Resilient Washington (CMRW) webtool'. The City is awaiting baseline greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Department of Commerce for Kitsap County, which will then need to be disaggregated down to the City level for Port Orchard. The City will also be seeking grants from the Department of Commerce to complete this work. This chapter should be read as a first draft of the City's Climate Change element, with the expectation that future study and planning work will be completed in the future as funding is available. 10.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions HB 1181 identifies three minimum requirements' that the GHG emissions reduction sub -element of this chapter must address. These requirements can be met through the adoption of goals and policies that identify actions to meet these requirements. Requirement 1: Result in reductions in overall greenhouse gas emissions generated by transportation and land use within the City but without increasing emissions elsewhere in Washington. • Requirement 2: Result in reductions per capita vehicle miles traveled within the City but without increasing greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere in Washington. Requirement 3: Prioritize reductions that benefit overburdened communities in order to maximize the co -benefits of reduced air pollution and environmental justice. The Department of Commerce in its Intermediate Planning Guidance' has outlined three pathways that the City may take to set emissions -reduction targets and goals and policies to achieve those targets. The City of Port Orchard has elected to pursue Pathway 3, which the Department of Commerce has recommended for jurisdictions that are required to create a GHG reduction sub -element. Pathway 3 requires the City of Port Orchard to utilize the GHG emissions inventory provided by the Department of Commerce to set mitigation goals and policies to satisfy the minimum requirements. The City is required to adopt goals and policies from the transportation, buildings and energy, and zoning and development sectors of the Menu of Measures provided by the Department of Commerce' that support achieving net -zero emissions by 2050. The City may also adopt goals and policies from the other sectors of the Menu of Measures based on the emission inventory. 10.3 Climate Resilience HB 1181' identifies three minimum requirements that the climate resilience sub -element of this chapter must address. These requirements can be met through the adoption of goals and policies that identify actions to meet these requirements. Requirement 1: Address natural hazards created or aggravated by climate change, including sea level rise, landslides, flooding, drought, heat, smoke, wildfire, and other effects of changes to temperature and precipitation patterns. z https://cig-wa-climate.nkn.uidaho.edu/ 3 RCW 36.70A.070(9)(e)(i) ' Department of Commerce Intermediate Planning Guidance, December 2023 5 Department of Commerce Intermediate Planning Guidance, December 2023, Appendix L 6 RCW 37.70A.070(9)(d)(i)(A-C) Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change • Requirement 2: Identify, protect and enhance natural areas to foster climate resilience, as well as areas of vital habitat for safe species migration. Requirement 3: Identify, protect, and enhance community resilience to climate impacts, including social, economic, and built -environment factors, which support adaptation to climate impacts consistent with environmental justice. The Department of Commerce in its Intermediate Planning Guidance' has outlined 11 sectors of climate resiliency that the City's Comprehensive Plan should address, with potential climate -related impacts. Not all these sectors or climate -related impacts will affect Port Orchard, and at the time of the development of this chapter, the City is currently beginning the process of studying the impacts of climate change and assessing vulnerability and risk to the City's community assets (social, economic and environmental assets). Once complete, the City will explore how changes in the climate could exacerbate natural hazards and impact these assets and develop goals and policies to address these impacts. In 2020, Kitsap County, in coordination with the City of Port Orchard, prepared the Kitsap County Climate Change Resiliency Assessment$. This assessment provides a comprehensive understanding of climate impacts and risks specific to the City. The Kitsap County Climate Change Resiliency Assessment highlights several specific risks that the City faces due to climate change: Sea Level Rise As global temperatures increase, sea levels are rising. This poses a risk to coastal areas, including Port Orchard. Rising sea levels are expected to exacerbate challenges with flooding and saltwater intrusion in the City's downtown area, which the City has addressed in its Downtown Subarea Plan and Shoreline Master Program through policies that seek to address the impacts of sea level rise through the raising of the elevation of Bay Street. Extreme Heat Events More frequent and intense heatwaves are expected. Extreme heat impacts public health, especially vulnerable populations. It strains energy systems, increases wildfire risk, and affects outdoor activities. Ocean Acidification Acidification of marine waters due to increased carbon dioxide absorption harms shellfish, fish, and other marine life. Healthy marine ecosystems play an important role in the City's economy, ecosystems, and are critical to the cultural practices and way of life of the Suquamish Tribe who have inhabited South Kitsap County for thousands of years. Changing Precipitation Patterns Altered rainfall patterns affect water availability, agriculture, and stormwater management. Increased precipitation intensity leads to flooding, landslides, and soil erosion. The City may expect to see impacts to public infrastructure as a result of increased flooding, including disruption of transportation routes and damage to ferry terminals, as well as damage to stormwater and wastewater infrastructure from flood inundation and saltwater intrusion. Health Impacts Climate change exacerbates respiratory illnesses, heat -related illnesses, and mental health issues. ' Department of Commerce Intermediate Planning Guidance, December 2023 8 Kitsap County Climate Resiliency Assessment, 2020 Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change Vulnerable populations, including the elderly and low-income communities, are at higher risk. More frequent heat waves may result in increased deaths and will require the investment in cooling centers and/or public subsidies for low income households to install air-conditioning. Increased need for air conditioning will also have an adverse impact on greenhouse gas emissions in the City. Habitat Disruption Changing ecosystems affect wildlife migration, breeding patterns, and food availability. Protecting habitats is critical for biodiversity and ecosystem services. Warmer stream temperatures and lower summer flows will affect fish species that use these habitats. New invasive species and diseases could also emerge due to changes in the climate. Economic Disruptions Climate impacts can disrupt local businesses, tourism, and agriculture. Planning for economic resilience is vital. The City has a large workforce employed in construction. Outdoor laborers are especially vulnerable to extreme heat events and are likely to experience lost labor hours due to extreme heat and poor air quality. Sea level rise and increased flooding may also affect property values within coastal areas or floodplains. Water Resources Challenges The City provides drinking water within the City supplied by six active wells and from additional planned wells. Altered hydrology due to climate change will affect water supply, groundwater recharge, and streamflow. Balancing water needs for residents, agriculture, and ecosystems is a priority. Resiliency planning will address these risks, ensuring Port Orchard remains adaptable and prepared for a changing climate. 10.4 Baseline Conditions Effective decision -making requires understanding baseline conditions, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate resiliency indicators. This information will serve as a benchmark to measure the effectiveness of any strategies or initiatives implemented towards achieving these goals. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baseline Emissions (2022) The baseline for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions represents the starting point against which we measure progress. It encompasses historical emissions data, including those from energy production, transportation, industry, and land use changes. The Department of Commerce is creating emissions inventories for the 11 counties that are required to include a GHG reduction sub -element in their comprehensive plan. The inventories use 2022 as a baseline year but do not disaggregate emissions to the city level. Once the GHG emissions inventory for Kitsap County is available, the City will need to hire a consultant to complete the technical analysis required to disaggregate the emissions down to the city level consistent with guidance published by the Department of Commerce. Per Capita Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) (2022) Per capita VMT serves as a critical indicator of transportation -related emissions. The baseline VMT includes historical data on miles traveled by various vehicle types (cars, trucks, buses) over time. Future analysis will be necessary to establish per capita vehicle miles traveled for the City. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change Climate Resilience The CMRW developed by the UW CIG has identified the following climate hazards that may pose a risk to the City of Port Orchard. The following climate indicators have been identified based on the historical normal for the period of 1980-2009 and provide a baseline for addressing the risk climate change poses to the City under the high emissions scenario for the years 2020-2049 (30-year period). • Agriculture & Food Systems • Emergency Management • Water Resources • Agriculture & Food Systems • Economic Development • Ecosystems • Human Health Sector(s) • Buildings and Energy Climate Indicator Hazard Drought 29% chance any given year will have a total summer precipitation below 75% of the historical normal summer precipitation Climate Impacts Notes High emissions scenario. Increase in likelihood for 30-year period. Below normal summer precipitation indicates a greater likelihood of drought. Drought can affect the well-being of people and water availability for crops and ecosystems. More frequent droughts is also expected to increase need for emergency services to respond to water shortages that may occur due to voluntary or mandatory conservation requirements. Climate Indicator Extreme Heat Climate Impacts Hazard 3.5° increase in average summer temperature Notes High emissions scenario. Increase in likelihood for 30-year period. Warmer summers will directly impact the health and well-being of people, create stress for crops and reduce water availability. Warmer summer temperatures could also decrease opportunities for warm season recreation activities. Warmer summer temperatures are expected to reduce soil moisture and increase stress on plants and animals. Climate Indicator Extreme Heat Climate Hazard +177 degree-days during the 30-year period Notes High emissions scenario. Increase in likelihood for 30-vear period. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change An increase in cooling degree days will increase energy demand for air conditioning in the summer when regional hydropower supply is expected to decrease. Sector(s) Climate Indicator Hazard Notes • Cultural Resources Sea Level Rise .75' Likely Sea Level Rise to High emissions scenario. and Practices 1.5' High Sea Level Rise Increase in likelihood for • Economic the year 2050. Development • Ecosystems Climate Impacts • Emergency Sea Level Rise will inundate culturally relevant and important sites, such as Management • Transportation traditional fishing grounds. Sea level rise may also intensify coastal flooding • Water Resources which can disrupt business operations, damage property, reduce the land area • Zoning and suitable for development, impact coastal transportation infrastructure, and Development increase need for emergency services to recover from flooding. Sea level rise can also increase coastal erosion and flooding reducing habitats for some aquatic, wildlife and plant species. Sea level rise is also expected to increase saltwater intrusion into groundwater and coastal aquifers, which could reduce water quality. Sector(s) Climate Indicator Hazard Notes • Cultural Resources Extreme Heat 14.3° increase in August High emissions scenario. and Practices stream temperature Increase in likelihood for • Ecosystems 2030-2059. Climate Impacts • Zoning and Development Warmer stream temperatures are expected to reduce habitat quality for salmonids, reducing abundance of and access for Northwest Tribes. Warmer stream temperature have the potential to reduce the ability to meet water quality standards set on wastewater treatment facilities. Sector(s) Climate Indicator Hazard Notes • Economic Flooding Return Interval of 25-yr High emissions scenario. Development Peak Streamflow Increase in likelihood for • Ecosystems Blackjack Creek — 9.8 years 30-year period. • Emergency Climate Impacts Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change Management The 25-year peak streamflow is the streamflow that occurs on average every • Transportation 25 years, heavier precipitation is anticipated to cause this to occur every 9.8 • Waste years for Blackjack Creek, which could leak to increased flooding and impacts Management to homes and businesses, increased need for emergency services, as well as • Zoning and increased flood damage to roads, bridges, and railway. Increased flood zones Development could also reduce the suitability of some areas for development. Increased streamflows can also cause juvenile salmonids to be flushed downstream prematurely, reducing salmonid migration returns. Flooding of waste management facilities can also release contaminants and hazardous materials. Sector(s) Climate Indicator Hazard Notes • Economic Extreme 7% increase in the High emissions scenario. Development Precipitation magnitude of 2-year storm Increase in likelihood for • Transportation 30-year period. • Waste Management Climate Impacts • Zoning and Development Heavier precipitation is expected to intensify flooding in low-lying areas and require higher capacity storm water drainage systems. Heavier precipitation events may lead to flooding, landslides and erosion which can interrupt transportation routes, damage infrastructure and increase maintenance and repair costs. Storm damage may also generate waste and debris. Increased urban flooding could also affect zoning restrictions on new buildings and require revised building codes or increased development in frequently flooded areas. Sector(s) Climate Indicator Hazard Notes • Ecosystems Drought 7.8% decrease in late High emissions scenario. • Water Resources summer precipitation Increase in likelihood for 30-year period. Climate Impacts A decrease in summer precipitation is expected to lower streamflows, reduce water quality and increase water temperatures. Less summer precipitation will also contribute to drought stress on plant growth and will contribute to summer water shortages. Water quality may also decrease with less summer precipitation and warmer water temperatures. Sector(s) Climate Indicator Hazard Notes • Emergency Extreme Heat +14.4 days above 90' High emissions scenario. Management during the 30-year time Increase in likelihood for • Human Health period 30-year period. Climate Impacts Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change More frequent extreme heat event are expected to increase the demand for emergency services. They may also impact emergency services due to transportation disruptions such as warped and buckling pavement on roads. An increase in the number of days above 900 is also expected to increase heat - related deaths, illnesses and hospitalizations. 10.5 Goals and Policies In this Chapter the City has set forth its vision and commitment to a sustainable future. Recognizing the challenges posed by a changing climate, these goals and policies are designed to steer the City towards resilience and adaptability while also aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The goals and policies contained within this iteration of the Climate Change element represent direction to complete this Chapter as well as preliminary goals and policies adopted from the Department of Commerce's Menu of Measures' to address the sectors and climate hazards identified from the CMRW in Section 10.4 above. Goal 1. Complete this Climate Change Element. Policy CC-1 Apply for funding from the Department of Commerce to complete the climate planning related activities necessary to complete this Chapter and implement House Bill 1181. Policy CC-Ia. When funding is available, hire a consultant to help complete the technical analysis required to establish baseline greenhouse gas emissions and VMT. Policy CC-2 Complete a Community Assets Inventory and risk assessment of the City's social, economic and environmental assets that the community wants to protect. Policy CC-2a. Evaluate the current risk exposure and vulnerability of the city's community assets against the impacts of climate change. Policy CC-3 Complete an audit of the City's existing plans to identify gaps, opportunities and barriers to building resilience to climate change. Policy CC-4 Refine the goals and policies contained within this first iteration of the City's Climate Change element, either adapting the goals and policies, developing new goals and policies, or adopting a hazard mitigation plan (see Climate Resilience Pathways in the Department of Commerce's Intermediate Planning Guidance). Policy CC-5 Conduct robust public engagement on the development of this Chapter. Policy CC-6 Set incremental emissions reduction targets that lead to achieving net zero emissions in 2050. Goal 2. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the City consistent with the Washington State target of net -zero emissions by 2050. Buildings and Energy Policy CC-7 Maximize solar access of site design, where practicable, for new solar -ready residential ' Department of Commerce Intermediate Planning Guidance, December 2023, Appendix L Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change and commercial buildings. Policy CC-7a. Encourage solar panels on buildings with large rooftops, as well as within or over parking areas. Policy CC-8 Encourage buildings that use renewable energy, conservation, and efficiency technologies and practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Policy CC-8a. Encourage energy efficient housing types that conserve non-renewable energy and help minimize impact on air quality and climate. (Policy HS- 25) Policy CC-8b. Encourage the retrofit buildings for energy efficiency. Policy CC-8c. Incentivize green building certification to improve energy and environmental performance. Policy CC-9 Encourage the adaptive reuse of buildings, recognizing the emission -reduction benefits of retaining existing buildings. Policy CC-9a. Encourage the preservation and weatherization of housing in overburdened communities, particularly at higher densities, to reduce emissions and increase resilience. Ecosystems Policy CC-10 Increase tree canopy cover to boost carbon sequestration, reduce heat islands, and improve air quality, prioritizing overburdened communities. Policy CC-10a. Require the retention and replacement of significant trees in the City.(Policy NS-9) Policy CC-10b. Adopt a canopy coverage target for the City and monitor progress on a regular basis to determine if policy changes are necessary to reach the City's target. (Policy NS-10) Policy CC-10c. Identify parks and open spaces in the City where tree canopy coverage could be increased. (Policy NS-11) Policy CC-10d. Use trees and vegetation to mitigate erosion potential, meet drainage needs and reduce the impacts of development. (Policy NS-12) Policy CC-10e. Establish programs and policies that maintain and increase forests and vegetative cover and prioritize the connectivity of forests that provide valuable wildlife corridors within the City. (Policy NS-14) Transportation Policy CC-11 Convert public fleets to zero emission vehicles and develop supporting infrastructure and programs (e.g., charging stations and dedicated lanes for electric cars and buses). Policy CC-11a. Require electric vehicle charging infrastructure in new and retrofitted buildings. Policy CC-12 Implement multimodal transportation planning to reduce single -occupancy vehicle dependence and greenhouse gas emissions. Policy CC-12a. Emphasize moving people rather than vehicles by providing a variety of Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change ways to commute to work. (Policy TR-45) Policy CC-12b. Provide preferential treatments for transit, such as queue bypass lanes, traffic signal modifications, and safe, convenient, transit stops. (Policy TR-20) Policy CC-12c. Create a safe, well connected, and attractive bicycle and pedestrian transportation network to encourage active transportation. Policy CC-13 Reduce vehicle miles traveled to achieve greenhouse gas reduction goals. Policy CC-13a. Implement travel demand management (TDM) programs and strategies. Prioritize, develop, and maintain mobility hubs in transportation - efficient locations — especially in overburdened communities experiencing a scarcity of transportation alternatives. Policy CC-13b. Shorten commutes by concentrating housing and employment in strategic locations, which provides residents opportunities to live and work in the same neighborhood. (Policy CN-3) Policy CC-13c. The City shall ensure that higher density development in Centers is either within walking or biking distance of jobs, schools, and parks and is well -served by public transit. (Centers Goals 1,2,3,4,5,6; Housing, Parks, Economic Development, Transportation, and Capital Facilities Elements) (Policy CN-11) Policy CC-13d. Prioritize permitting for transit -oriented development (TOD) proposals. Zoning and Development Policy CC-14 Increase housing diversity and supply within urban growth areas to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support environmental justice. Policy CC-14a. Within centers, set minimum building densities that enable lively and active streets and commercial destinations. Such limits may take the form of: minimum floors or building height, floor -area -ratios, and lot coverage; and maximum street setbacks and parking spaces. (Policy LU- 11) Policy CC-14b. Evaluate a range of incentives to encourage compact development to preserve open space throughout the city, possibly to include density credits, incentive zoning, and transfer of development rights. (Policy LU- 15) Goal 3. Strengthen the City's resilience against the impacts of climate change. Buildings and Energy Policy CC-15 Ensure that energy infrastructure — including generation and transmission — is able to accommodate renewable energy opportunities and to withstand and recover quickly from the impacts of extreme weather and other natural hazards worsened by climate change. Policy CC-15a. Plan and build facilities, utilities, and infrastructure projects to avoid or Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change withstand flooding from rising sea levels and associated climate impacts. Policy CC-15b. Work with energy utilities to improve the safety and reliability of infrastructure vulnerable to climate change. Policy CC-16 Ensure that buildings are designed and built sustainably to reduce environmental impacts and remain resilient to extreme weather and other hazards worsened by climate change. Policy CC-16a. Require the design and construction of commercial and residential buildings and their surrounding sites to reduce and treat stormwater runoff and pollution. Policy CC-16b. Develop or modify design standards to integrate exterior building features that reduce the impacts of climate change and increase resilience. Cultural Resources and Practices Policy CC-17 Ensure that cultural resources and practices — including significant historic sites and culturally important traditional foods and natural resources — are resilient to the impacts of extreme weather and other natural hazards worsened by climate change. Policy CC-17a. Work with state and federal agencies to protect, enhance, and restore ecosystems in order to meet tribal treaty rights and conserve culturally important consumptive and non -consumptive resources including foods, medicinal plants, and materials that could be adversely impacted by climate change. Policy CC-17b. Maintain government -to -government relations with Native American tribes for the preservation of archaeological sites and traditional cultural properties that are vulnerable to climate impacts. Policy CC-18 Ensure environmental justice by providing all residents an equitable opportunity to learn about climate impacts, influence policy decisions, and take actions to enhance community resilience. Policy CC-18a. Create and implement culturally contextualized outreach and education initiatives and materials that will inform the community about near - term and longer -term climate change threats and build resilience. Economic Development Policy CC-19 Ensure that the local economy is resilient to climate disruptions and fosters business opportunities associated with climate mitigation and adaptation. Policy CC-19a. Support local businesses' efforts to bolster climate preparedness and continuity of operations. Ecosystems Policy CC-20 Ensure the protection and restoration of streams, riparian zones, estuaries, wetlands, and floodplains to achieve healthy watersheds that are resilient to climate change. Policy CC-20a. Implement actions identified in restoration and salmon recovery plans Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change to improve the climate resilience of streams and watersheds. Policy CC-20b. Increase the climate resilience of native fish species and aquatic ecosystems by reducing the threat of aquatic invasive species (e.g., fish, plants, invertebrates). Policy CC-20c. Protect and restore watershed -scale processes to maximize the ecological benefits and climate resilience of riparian ecosystems. Policy CC-20d. Protect and restore riparian vegetation to reduce erosion, provide shade, and support other functions that improve the climate resilience of streams. Policy CC-20e. Increase aquatic habitat resilience to low summer flows by increasing water residence time, storing water on the landscape, conserving water, protecting groundwater, keeping waters cool, and protecting water quality. Policy CC-21 Protect and restore coastal ecosystems to increase the resilience of species, habitats, and communities to climate change. Policy CC-21a. Consider sea -level rise in coastal and nearshore habitat restoration projects. Policy CC-21b. Identify, protect, and restore submerged aquatic vegetation (eelgrass, kelp, etc.) that provides aquatic habitat, "blue" carbon storage, and other ecosystem services. Emergency Management Policy CC-22 Develop and maintain local government staff members' technical expertise and skills related to climate change and environmental justice so as to improve communitywide policy implementation, equity, and resilience. Policy CC-22a. Create evacuation plans and outreach materials to help residents plan and practice actions that make evacuation quicker and safer. Policy CC-23 Enhance emergency preparedness, response, and recovery efforts to mitigate risks and impacts associated with extreme weather and other hazards worsened by climate change. Policy CC-23a. Map transportation infrastructure that is vulnerable to repeated floods, landslides, and other natural hazards, and designate alternative travel routes for critical transportation corridors when roads must be closed. Policy CC-23b. Incorporate sea -level rise information, along with tsunami hazard mapping, into critical area delineation for siting critical infrastructure, land -use planning, and emergency management. Policy CC-23c. Develop resilience hubs — community -serving facilities that are designed to support residents, coordinate communication, distribute resources, and reduce carbon pollution while enhancing quality of life. Policy CC-23d. Factor climate impacts into the planning of operations and coordination of preparedness, response, and recovery activities among first - responders and partners, including public health, law enforcement, fire, Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change school, and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. Health & Well -Being Policy CC-24 Protect community health and well-being from the impacts of climate -exacerbated hazards — prioritizing focus on overburdened communities — and ensure that the most vulnerable residents do not bear disproportionate health impacts. Policy CC-24a. Promote the use of health impact assessments and other tools to address the potential impacts of health, equity, and climate change on vulnerable communities. Policy CC-24b. Prioritize the development of anti -displacement programs in overburdened communities when increasing densities. Policy CC-24c. Review land use maps and identify opportunities or barriers to responding to rapid population growth or decline, rebuilding housing and services after disasters, and other extreme climate impact scenarios. Policy CC-24d. Provide overburdened communities subsidies to offset potential cost increases associated with conversion to non -fossil -fuel energy sources. Policy CC-24e. Develop and maintain a program to distribute cooling units and install heat pumps, prioritizing households with residents (e.g., low-income seniors) most vulnerable to extreme temperature events. Transportation Policy CC-25 Ensure that the local transportation system — including infrastructure, routes, and travel modes — is able to withstand and recover quickly from the impacts of extreme weather events and other hazards exacerbated by climate change. Policy CC-25a. Design and site new and expanded roads to have the least possible adverse effect on the shoreline, account for sea level rise projections, not result in a net loss of shoreline ecological functions, or adversely impact existing or planned water -oriented uses, public access, and habitat restoration and enhancement projects. Water Resources Policy CC-26 Protect and preserve water quality and quantity from drought, extreme heat, and other hazards exacerbated by climate change. Policy CC-26a. Utilize water conservation methods and technologies in development of irrigation infrastructure within parks and recreation areas so as to foster climate resilience. Policy CC-26b. Develop and implement a comprehensive drought resilience strategy that factors in projected climate impacts and sets action levels for different drought stages. Policy CC-26c. Identify and implement strategies to prepare for and mitigate the effects of saltwater intrusion into aquifers and drainage systems. Policy CC-26d. Require the use of green infrastructure and low -impact development to Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024 Chapter 10: Climate Change address increased storm intensities and stormwater runoff. Policy CC-26e. Evaluate the long-term adequacy of water delivery infrastructure to ensure that changes in hydrological patterns (e.g., increases in flooding frequency or reduction of late -summer water availability associated with climate change) can be anticipated and managed effectively. Zoning and Development Policy CC-27 Establish land use patterns that increase the resilience of the built environment, ecosystems, and communities to climate change. Policy CC-27a. Restore and maintain critical areas and open space areas to maximize the climate resilience benefits they provide. Policy CC-27b. Direct new development into areas where exposure to climate hazards is low. Policy CC-27c. Identify and implement strategies to increase the resilience of the shoreline environment to sea -level rise and other climate hazards, while also protecting shoreline ecological functions, allowing water - dependent uses, and providing public access. Policy CC-28 Ensure that development and redevelopment projects are resilient to the impacts of climate change. Policy CC-28a. Establish development regulations that incorporate best practices for reducing the risk of wildfire, extreme heat, flooding, and other climate - exacerbated hazards. Policy CC-28b. Consider future climate conditions during siting and design of capital facilities, including changes to temperature, rainfall, and sea level, to help ensure they function as intended over their planned life cycle. Policy CC-28c. Identify and plan for climate impacts to valued community assets such as parks and recreation facilities, including relocation or replacement. Policy CC-28d. Consider climate change, including sea -level rise, extreme precipitation, increased winter streamflow, and other impacts, in floodplain management planning. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan DRAFT: October 2024