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Chapter 8 - Transportation - FINAL 20141218Chapter 8. Transportation 8.1. Transportation Element Context The Transportation Element identifies future system improvements derived from the analysis completed in the Land Use and Capital Facilities Elements of this Comprehensive Plan, as well as County and Regional plans and policies. In addition to roadway improvements, this element also identifies ways to provide more opportunities for pedestrians, bicyclists, transit riders, and all road users. The policy direction within this element provides new nonmotorized transportation system links between residential areas and nearby employment and shopping areas. The objective of these policies is to reduce automobile dependence within the City and to minimize the need to widen roads to accommodate increasing traffic volumes. This requires a change in priorities from moving as much traffic as quickly as possible, at the expense of other transportation modes and adjacent land uses, to provide choices, balance, and connections between driving, transit, walking, and bicycling. The purpose and vision of the Transportation Element is to provide a safe, dependable, properly maintained, as well as fiscally- and environmentally responsible multi -modal transportation system that is consistent with and supports the other elements of the Comprehensive Plan. The transportation system should respect community character, environment, and neighborhoods; improve mobility and safety; minimize impacts from regional facilities; and promote increased use of transit and nonmotorized travel. The transportation system needs to be both locally and regionally coordinated and connected, adequately financed, and community supported. The goals and policies identified in this element are based upon a technical analysis which utilizes a methodology consistent with regional planning efforts, including the draft 2024 Kitsap County Comprehensive Plan update and the 2018 Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) SR 16 Tacoma Narrows Bridge to SR 3 Congestion Study, as well as prior Port Orchard planning efforts including the 2018 Bethel Road and Sedgwick Road Corridor Plan and the 2021 Downtown Subarea Plan. This document also incorporates the data, analysis, and updates provided in the Port Orchard Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) and 2020 Transportation Impact Fee Rate Study (Ordinance 007-21). This element is also consistent with county and regional planning efforts, including the Kitsap Countywide Planning Policies, Puget Sound Regional Council (PSRC) VISION 20S0, and the planning requirements of the Growth Management Act (GMA). W' Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.2. Transportation Vision The transportation network of the City of Port Orchard is meant to serve the land use of the community and seek to achieve the most efficient means of transporting people and goods. The City's transportation network shall support the land use of the community. However, the transportation network should not be the sole justification to increase land use densities. Therefore, to make consistent and sound land use decisions, the City must evaluate traffic modifications attributed to each land use change. Transportation improvements are extremely expensive and time-consuming. Unlike other public works improvements, there is normally not an identifiable revenue gain that can be attributed to a road's completion. Road construction planning must accommodate the future needs of the community without the cost of excessively overbuilding the project. Constructing a road to accommodate the ultimate build -out of a neighborhood is normally not economically feasible. When a project is proposed, the City needs to evaluate the immediate traffic needs, the needs after project completion and the ultimate anticipated volume. Financial constraints may call for phasing the project to allow immediate relief and allowing for future improvements as land use demands increase. The City has and is experiencing significant growth placing additional demand on its street system, particularly its arterial corridors including Bethel Road, Tremont Street, Sedgwick Road, Sidney Road, and Old Clifton Road. Both motorized improvements at intersections and nonmotorized improvements such as bicycle facilities and sidewalks are necessary for an effective and equitable transportation system. Other investments are needed to preserve and upgrade infrastructure in older neighborhoods. Investments are needed to preserve and upgrade existing sidewalk networks to ensure accessibility and maximize connectivity. Ongoing road maintenance is needed annually to maintain service levels in older neighborhoods and ensure repair costs do not escalate over time. Our vision for Port Orchard is a community which offers an inviting, attractive, and pedestrian - friendly atmosphere that provides a full range of retail and recreational activities while ensuring coordinated City and County regional Land Use Plans which promote an efficient multimodal transportation system. •= Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.3. Transportation System Inventory 8.3.1. Existing Roadway Network 8.3.1.1. State System Port Orchard lies along Sinclair Inlet across from Bremerton in the heart of the Kitsap Peninsula in Kitsap County, WA. The major north -south route within the County is SR 3 which passes through the community of Gorst, about a mile north of the City of Port Orchard. SR 16 connects with SR 3 at Gorst and passes through Port Orchard ending ultimately in Tacoma by way of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. SR 16 is designated a Highway of Statewide Significance (HSS) that passes through the Port Orchard Planning Area. SR 16 is functionally classified as a freeway by WSDOT, and the highway is rated on the Washington State Freight and Goods Transportation System (FGTS) as a T-1 facility carrying an estimated 12,530,000 tons in 2021 from the Pierce/Kitsap County line to the Gorst area. SR 16 serves freight, commuter, neighborhood, business, and recreational travelers. Within the planning area, interchanges with SR 16 are located at Tremont Street SW, and at SW Sedgwick Road (SR 160). SR 16 is primarily a four -lane divided highway providing major regional access between Kitsap County and the transportation network of the Central Puget Sound area. SR 16 is a limited access full control highway within Kitsap County and links South Kitsap with Pierce County, eventually connecting to Interstate 5 in Tacoma. Near Gorst, after SR 166 (Bay Street) joins SR 16, SR 16 becomes six lanes for a distance of 1.15 miles. Where SR 16 joins SR 3 at Gorst, the number of lanes on SR 3 drops to four. SR 160 (Sedgwick Rd) is the primary route from SR 16 to the Southworth Ferry Terminal. SR 160 is the east/west ferry commuter route, connecting Port Orchard with the Southworth Ferry Terminal, SR 16, and eventually with SR 3. This highway has two lanes with minimum access spacing of 330 feet. SR 160 includes two signalized intersections at the SR 16 interchange. SR 166 (Bay Street) runs from SR 16 along the City of Port Orchard waterfront to the east city limits. The road was previously designated SR 160, but in 1992, SR 160 was moved to its present location on Sedgwick Road and SR 166 was formed. The route includes Bay Street from SR 16 to Bethel Avenue, Bethel Avenue from Bay Street to SE Mile Hill Road, and SE Mile Hill Road from Bethel Avenue to the east city limits. SR 166 (Bay Street) is the City of Port Orchard's "Main Street" and is a primary arterial serving the main street community and the Downtown Port Orchard waterfront. Bethel Road is an arterial corridor that links SR 160 to SR 166 forming a business loop parallel to SR 16. The Bethel corridor provides access to much of the retail commercial services for Port Orchard and South Kitsap County and is vital to the local and regional economy. Bethel Road is designated SR 166 from Bay Street to Mile Hill Drive. 8.3.1.2. Kitsap County Roads Kitsap County arterial roads serve as key elements in the transportation system surrounding Port Orchard. County roadways link together state routes or connect the state route system to Port Orchard, to other major centers, and to the ferry system. For example, Mile Hill Drive is a two lane east/west road located to the east of Port Orchard which connects the city to Southworth Drive and Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 the Southworth Ferry Terminal to the east. The technical analysis described in this Transportation Element included major Kitsap County roadways in the vicinity of Port Orchard and utilized a methodology generally consistent with the draft 2024 Kitsap County Comprehensive Plan Update. 8.3.1.3. City Street Network A City's functional classification system provides a planning guide for the development of a transportation network which will serve the needs of a community's growth for the future. Streets within a transportation network must be managed for specific roles in moving people and goods through the city and surrounding region. The functional classification system identifies the role of each street and provides a simplified vision of management needs for each type, including safety, adjacent land uses, multimodal travel demands, and other connecting transportation systems. Ultimately, the functional class of each street determines the typical roadway design, cross -sectional parameters, and design speed, while providing a basis for management practices to minimize conflicts between travel modes. The City of Port Orchard has defined its functional classification system to be consistent with the Federal Functional Classifications (FFC) provided by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the arterial functional classifications defined in the Kitsap County Revised Road Standards. These arterial streets qualify for financial assistance under federal or state programs. Table 8-1 identifies the City's functional classes and includes a short description of each classification. The City's existing arterial network and associated functional classifications are shown in Figure 8-1. Table 8-1. Street Functional Classifications Functional Classification Description Freeway High capacity, high speed, regional connections. Maximum mobility with full access control. Principal Arterial Provide connectivity between different areas of a region. High mobility with partial access control. Minor Arterial Provide connectivity between different areas of a region. Moderate mobility w/partial access control. Collector Collect traffic from local streets and other collectors. Connect neighborhoods to each other and to arterials. Local Access Provide direct access to properties in residential, commercial, or industrial areas Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Functional Classification Freeway P Principal Arterial m a d, Minor Arterial Collector City Limit Outline Urban Growth AreaI—AH VA 66 - 16 p 1 i wf f � 3 1 a w I SE LUNOgyE I Q E� a 1 x 1 1 SW EERRy LAKE Ro E SALMONBERRV RD - i a c Fj 1 � LO ON R - 1 1 160 1 1 I 1 Ir _ I I1 1 0 a I1 _ N ' I NN I Transportation Solutions 0 0.5 1 SER, Ls 9 5 IL 2 mi Figure 8-1. 2024 Street Functional Classification Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.3.2. Transit Service 8.3.2.1. Routed Buses Kitsap Transit operates seven routed buses within Port Orchard. All seven routes provide weekday service, while Routes 4, 5, 8, and 9 also provide Saturday service. Routes 81 and 86 provide scheduled service during weekday peak commute hours, and the Purdy Connector provides on -demand service during the weekday peak commute hours. Existing routed bus service is summarized in Table 8-2. Table 8-2. Fixed -Route Bus Service Route Route Name / Service Area Service Hours Headway Tremont: PO Ferry, Kitsap Courthouse, Givens Comm. Ctr, M-F 5:30AM-6:55PM; M-F 60 min.; 4 Harrison Medical Ctr, Work Release/Youth Services Ctr Sa 10:OOAM — 5:55 PM Sa 30 min. Sidney: PO Ferry, Kitsap Courthouse, Givens Comm. Ctr, M-F 5:10AM-7:25PM; 5 60 min. Cedar Heights Jr HS, Sedgwick Landing Sa 10:00 AM-5:25PM Bethel: PO Ferry, Bethel Ave, Walmart, Fred Meyer, Mitchell M-F 5:OOAM-7:52PM; 8 30 min. Ave, South Kitsap High School Sa 10:OOAM-5:25PM South Park: PO Ferry, Albertson's, Town Square, Walmart, M-F 6:50AM-8:15PM; 9 60 min. Jackson Ave, Center, Veterans Home on Bay Dr Sa 10:30AM-5:15PM 81 Annapolis Commuter: PO Ferry, Annapolis P&R, Towne M-F 5:15-7:15 AM; 15 Square, Armory P&R, Mitchell, Jackson, Lund, Madrona M-F 3:00-5:49PM min. Southworth Shuttle: PO Ferry, Armory P&R, Mile Hill, M-F 4:35-10:25AM; 86 30-70 min. Manchester, South Colby, Southworth Ferry M-F 2:00-8:18PM Purdy Connector: PO Ferry, Mullenix P&R, Purdy P&R M-F 6:00-9:OOAM; PC On -demand M-F 3:00-6:OOPM 8.3.2.2. Ferry Service Port Orchard is connected to the Seattle metropolitan area by the Washington State Ferry system. The Southworth Ferry Terminal is located to the east of Port Orchard and connected to the City via SR 160 and Kitsap County roads. The Bremerton Ferry Terminal is connected to Port Orchard by SR 304, SR 3, SR 16, and SR 166. Kitsap Transit Fast Ferries operate passenger -only ferry service between Kitsap County and Seattle on weekdays year-round and on Saturdays from May through September. Kitsap Fast Ferries launched service on the Bremerton -Seattle route in 2017 and the Southworth-Seattle route in 2021. Kitsap Transit local foot ferries operate two passenger -only routes in Sinclair Inlet. The Bremerton - Port Orchard service runs daily, and the Bremerton -Annapolis service runs on weekdays only. Foot ferry service is timed to meet the Seattle/Bremerton Ferry. 8.3.2.3. Other Transit Services Kitsap Transit operates several alternative transit services in the Port Orchard planning area: Worker/Driver buses are driven by employees at Naval Base Kitsap (NBK)-Bremerton and NBK- Bangor. The buses operate like a large vanpool where the driver boards the bus near home in the morning and picks up coworkers on the way to work. Kitsap Transit has 32 Worker/Driver routes, I Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 including several in the Port Orchard Planning Area. ACCESS is a demand -response paratransit service under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). ACCESS provides door-to-door transportation for eligible riders who are unable to use the fixed -route bus system. The service is available in Port Orchard and the surrounding area. VanLink is a shared -cost ACCESS -alternative program which provides local social service agencies with vans to transport their clients. The program gives agencies the ability to schedule client outings, work programs, daycare, and training as their schedule demands. The vanpool program allows groups of three to 14 commuters to share a ride to and from work using a Kitsap Transit van. Kitsap Transit also registers carpools, which allow commuters to share a ride in a privately -owned carpool vehicle. The carpool program allows vehicles access to reserved parking spaces, including free spaces at the Annapolis Ferry Dock. SCOOT is a car -sharing program for commuters who work in targeted areas in Kitsap County, including the Kitsap County Courthouse and downtown Bremerton. 8.3.2.4. Park and Ride Lots Port Orchard currently has three park -and -ride facilities, which are summarized in Table 8-3. Each lot provides service to at least two bus routes in addition to the Kitsap Transit Worker/Driver bus program. Additional parking is available in Downtown Port Orchard. Three park -and -ride lots in Kitsap County outside city limits provide additional parking capacity and access to transit and ferry service, thereby influencing transportation in Port Orchard. Existing park -and -ride facilities in and near Port Orchard are summarized in Table 8-3. In addition to the existing facilities, the planned Ruby Creek Park -and -Ride on Sidney Road to the north of Sedgwick Road will provide 250 parking spaces and access to expanded transit service. Table 8-3. Park -and -Ride Lots Name Location Parking Spaces Routes Served Within City of Port Orchard Annapolis Ferry Terminal 1076 Beach Dr E 81 #9, #81, Worker/Driver First Lutheran Church 2483 Mitchell Rd SE 40 #8, #81, Worker/Driver Port Orchard Armory 1950 Mile Hill Dr 105 #9, #81, #86, Worker/Driver Outside City of Port Orchard Burley Bible Church 14687 Olympic Dr SE 20 Worker/Driver Harper Church Sedgwick Road & Wilson Creek Road 462 #85, #86, #184, Worker/Driver Mullenix and Highway 16 SR 16 & Mullenix Rd 92 #85, Worker/Driver •= Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.3.2.5. Long -Range Transit Planning The Kitsap Transit Long -Range Transit Plan 2022-2042' (LRTP) defines the long-range vision for public transit service in the Port Orchard planning area. It identifies several major projects which will improve transit access and service in Port Orchard: • Three new local fixed routes: o Port Orchard — McCormick Woods o Southworth — Port Orchard o Southworth —Sidney Road Park & Ride • New Bremerton -Tacoma Express Route, including a stop at Sidney Road Park & Ride • New High -Capacity Transit Route from Port Orchard Ferry Transit Center to Bethel Rd and SR 160 • McCormick Woods On -Demand Transit Zone • New SR 16 Transit Center near Sedgwick Road interchange • Expanded Port Orchard Transit Center in downtown Port Orchard • McCormick Woods Multimodal Hub • Tremont Street Park & Ride • Upgraded weekday headway on Kitsap Transit Routes 4, 5, and 9 8.3.3. Airport and Aviation Services Port Orchard is served by two airports. One is a privately -owned general aviation facility about five miles southwest of the City called the Port Orchard Airport (4WA9). The second is the Bremerton National Airport (KPWT), owned and operated by the Port of Bremerton. The Port Orchard Airport is a small privately -owned airport which serves small private aircraft via one operational runway (18/36). No services are provided. Bremerton National Airport (KPWT) is a general aviation facility serving the communities on the Kitsap and Olympic Peninsulas. As of 2022, there were 104 aircraft based at the Bremerton National Airport, ranging from gliders to multi -engine planes. One fixed base operator provides various but limited training, fuel and convenience services. Total annual operations for 2022 were 66,000, or an average of 181 per day. KPWT serves beginning amateurs as well as professional pilots and flights. The Bremerton National Airport Master Plan forecasts 276 KPWT-based aircraft by 2032, an increase of 165 percent from 2022. Total annual operations are also expected to increase, from 66,000 to 90,000. This forecast assumes that the airport will continue its role as the only FAA -funded airport in Kitsap County and support most of the FAA -registered aircraft in the county. The airfield consists of one operational runway (02/20) that is oriented north-northeast/south- southwest. Runway 2/20 is 6,000 feet long and 150 feet wide. KPWT has extensive lighting and instrumentation and a taxiway system that provides access to all areas of the airfield. KPWT's former crosswind runway (16/34) is closed to aircraft and currently serves as the Bremerton Motorsports Park facility. 1 https://bit.ly/3wDNSZG Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 / l Transit Routes 1 °p Route 4 Route S r �y I Route 8 T! Route 9 J - 1 Route 81 4 i 1 Route 86 ��° a ■ 0 Purdy Connection Idb o a � r■ a -- Port Orchard Foot Ferry IG w -- Annapolis Foot Ferry 1 ��jssw T Transit Center `zb OT Planned Transit Center & I E Park & Ride g L��Wj _I City Limit Outline _ _ o SE S4LMONB Urban Growth Area 1 sw BERRY LAKE Ro v O °'RC ' i� OLD CLIFTON RD tW I - r _ A I _ Jr N 1 N SW N A `_ I V R0 sE ereuwEr°k Transportation Solutions 0 0.5 1 ' 9.5 2 mi VX Figure 8-2. Existing Public Transit Facilities Until 2004, KPWT was a Part 139 Certified Airport authorized to serve US Department of Transportation -certified commercial air carriers with more than 30 passengers. The airport could seek to renew this certification in the future if demand requires. For planning purposes, the future operations are forecast to continue to be dominated by business -oriented flights, private planes, flight training or other forms of noncommercial activity using single- and multi -engine piston aircraft. The Bremerton National Airport Master Plan recommends an expanded taxiway system to accommodate new aviation -related development. It also identifies locations for future hangar expansion and other aviation -related development, including the redevelopment of the former crosswind runway (16/34). z https://bit.ly/3R3OfJB Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.3.4. Freight and Rail Services Freight and goods are transported within the Port Orchard area on SR 16, SR 166, SR 160, as well as on City and County roads. The BNSF Railway provides rail service to Kitsap County. Freight use is restricted to the U.S. Military by agreement. The U.S. Navy owns the rails from Shelton to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and on to Bangor. The railroad is maintained as Federal Railway Administration Class 3 on a scale of 1 (low) to 6 (high). Burlington Northern Railroad provides one train per day service. At its closest point, the railroad right of way passes through the community of Gorst, about one mile northwest of Port Orchard. In Washington State, the highway and roadway system is rated according to the amount of freight and goods that are carried by truck on the system. The Washington State Freight and Goods Transportation System (FGTS) is a ranking of roads in Washington State by annual gross freight tonnage carried. The FGTS classification system is as follows: • T-1: Over 10 million tons per year • T-2: Between 4 and 10 million tons per year • T-3: Between 300,000 and 4 million tons per year • T-4: Between 100,000 and 300,000 tons per year • T-5: At least 20,000 tons carried in a 60-day period and less than 100,000 tons per year The FGTS system is affected by changes in the economy, international trade, and the transportation industry such as changes in truck travel patterns, cargoes, and tonnages. Revisions to the FGTS routes and tonnage classifications are developed by the agency having jurisdiction over the roadway segment. The following freight routes are designated within the Port Orchard planning area: a. SR 16 (Pierce/Kitsap Co. line to Gorst) is designated a T-1 facility carrying 12,530,000 tons annually in 2021; b. SR 160 (Sedgwick Road between SR 16 and Bethel Road) is designated a T-3 facility, carrying an estimated annual 2,470,000 tons in 2021; c. SR 166 is designated a T-3 facility, carrying an estimated annual 1,640,000 tons in 2021. d. Designated T-3 routes include: 1. Bethel Road from South City Limits to North City Limits 2. Glenwood Road from South City Limits to SW Sedgwick Road 3. SE Lund Avenue from Sidney Avenue to East City Limits 4. Mitchell Road SE from Bethel Road to East City Limits 5. Old Clifton Rd from SR 16 to West City Limits 6. SW Sedgwick Road from Glenwood Road to SR 16 7. Sidney Avenue from Tremont Street to SR 166 8. Sidney Road from SW Berry Lake Road to South City Limits 9. Tremont Street from SR 16 to Sidney Avenue e. One designated T-4 route is Port Orchard Boulevard from Tremont Street to SR 166. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.3.5. Nonmotorized Transportation Facilities Nonmotorized transportation systems include facilities that provide for safe pedestrian and bicycle travel. These include sidewalks, crosswalks, off street trails, bike routes, and bicycle facilities. In rural areas, nonmotorized facilities can also include roadway shoulders when they are of adequate width. Some portions of nonmotorized routes can be used for commuting purposes to reduce potential vehicular traffic volumes. If properly located, designed and maintained, nonmotorized trails can accommodate a meaningful portion of local resident travel between residential areas and shopping centers, schools, and places of employment. Nonmotorized facilities can also provide access to public transit and in this way can help decrease the reliance on single occupant vehicle (SOV) travel. When properly planned and constructed, nonmotorized facilities are shown to increase the desirability of a city as a place to live and work. Safe walking and bicycling environments within Port Orchard are a major concern of citizens, whether they are avid or casual recreational walkers or cyclists or bicycle commuters. In many cases, pedestrians and cyclists must share narrow high -volume streets with motor vehicles of all sizes. They cross busy intersections with multiple conflict points. The City can take measurable steps with this Transportation Element toward the goal of creating a safer walking and biking environment. This plan proposes a strategy for implementing a priority system for physical improvements through private ventures, capital projects, grants, and competitive funding sources. The facilities map in Figure 8-3 illustrates the extent of the nonmotorized transportation system and the type of facility that each segment supports. It also shows existing community centers, parks, and schools. The adoption of this plan does not preclude the implementation of pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure on other streets. The plan acknowledges fiscal constraints and challenges associated with building new sidewalks, bicycle infrastructure, and other improvements on every street in Port Orchard. Routes designated here should be prioritized due to their potential to fulfill the needs of the community and the citywide connections they will provide. 8.3.5.1. Existing Pedestrian Facilities There is an assortment of pedestrian facilities located throughout Port Orchard and its UGA. Pedestrian facilities include sidewalks, trails, and designated crosswalks. Most sidewalks are located along commercial corridors and in some neighborhoods. Sidewalks and designated crosswalks are also provided in some residential subdivisions. The initial construction of these pedestrian facilities is typically the responsibility of the developer and are provided as part of plat development, while the ongoing maintenance is the responsibility of the adjacent property owner as outlined in Port Orchard Municipal Code 12.12. Sidewalks are generally promoted throughout the commercial areas such as the Bethel Corridor, creating a grid -system for pedestrians, although many of the streets outside the commercial area have paved or gravel shoulders rather than sidewalks. The nonmotorized network has missing links around some elementary and secondary schools. Many Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 of the schools are in residential neighborhoods. Continuous sidewalks would improve the safety and utility of the pedestrian environment for elementary and secondary school children to walk to and from school. In the past, many of the roads in Port Orchard were constructed to a rural standard with no curb or sidewalk improvements or provisions for safe pedestrian travel. Recent roadway reconstruction projects have provided storm drainage, curbs, and sidewalk improvements, particularly along major streets providing access to schools, parks, and the downtown business district. Sidewalks have also been constructed on many local streets in concert with new development within the city. Curb ramps to allow barrier -free access to sidewalks at street crossings have also been installed at many locations. The City's 2017 ADA Transition Plan included an inventory of existing mobility barriers on sidewalks, curb ramps, and driveway pads. Between 2016 and 2021, ADA deficiency removals and upgrades included 4.8 miles of new ADA sidewalks, 39 curb ramp upgrades, 26 driveway apron upgrades, and 2 pedestrian signal upgrades. As of 2021, the City's remaining ADA barriers include 556 deficient curb ramps and 130 deficient driveway aprons. The City will continue to mitigate these ADA deficiencies in the public right-of-way, per the adopted Transition Plan, through regular maintenance and preservation programs, through oversight/permitting of developer improvements, and through the capital improvement projects identified later in this Transportation Element. Removal of ADA barriers will increase accessibility for youth, older adults, disabled persons, and other people with special transportation needs. 8.3.5.2. Existing Trails Nonmotorized transportation systems include separated or off -road recreational trails. A portion of these trail corridors can also satisfy local access needs between residential areas and parks, schools, commercial and employment areas depending on the trail locations. There are currently two public separated trails in the City: the Bay Street Pedestrian Pathway and the McCormick Multimodal Path. The Bay Street Pedestrian Path is a 0.9-mile-long paved trail which runs along the Sinclair Inlet waterfront from the Port Orchard Boat Launch Ramp to Bay Street approximately 500 feet northeast of Mitchell Avenue. From the Port Orchard Marina to its east terminus, the pathway consists of a 10- foot-wide paved section with centerline striping. The McCormick Multimodal Path is a 1.85-mile-long, eight -foot -wide paved trail which connects McCormick Woods with McCormick Village. It begins at Gleneagle Avenue SW west of McCormick Woods Drive and runs parallel to Gleneagle Avenue SW, Telford Way SW, and McCormick Village Drive. The Kitsap Peninsula Water Trail includes launches and amenities at the Port Orchard Marina, Water Street Boat Launch, and Port of Bremerton Marina Park. Port Orchard is also part of the Cascadia Marine Trail, which is a National Recreation Trail and one of only 16 National Millennium Trails designated by the White House. 8.3.5.3. Existing Bicycle Facilities The Port Orchard street network currently includes marked bicycle facilities on the following routes: Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 • Tremont Street: Bike lanes on both sides from SR 16 interchange to Port Orchard Blvd. • Lippert Drive: Bike lanes on both sides from Sidney Avenue to Pottery Avenue. • Sidney Avenue: A 600-foot-long bike lane along the east side of Sidney Road at the Haven Apartments frontage, approximately 1,500 feet north of Sedgwick Road. • Melcher Street: Shared Lane Markings ("sharrows") from Heron Ridge Ave to Sherman Ave. • SW Yarrow Street: Sharrows from McCormick Village Drive to Feigley Road SW. The 2018 Kitsap County Non -Motorized Facilities Plan (KCNMFP) identifies three bike routes within the Port Orchard planning area. The County -designated routes do not cross into the city limits, but the bicycle facilities they carry are incorporated to the nonmotorized system vision described in this Element. The designated Kitsap County bike routes include: Route 25 — Begins on Sedgwick Rd just west of Sidney at the city limit. The route runs southwest along Glenwood and turns at Lake Flora, continuing along Glenwood Road to the south of the planning area. Route 30 — Begins on Mile Hill Dr at the east city limit and continues to the east along Mile Hill Dr/Southworth Dr to the Southworth Ferry Terminal. • Route 37 — From Bethel Rd south of Sedgwick Rd extending south to the county line. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.4. Nonmotorized System Vision 8.4.1. Planned Nonmotorized Routes This section describes the City's vision for a nonmotorized transportation network to improve bicycle and pedestrian access throughout the City while also completing regional connections identified in the Kitsap County Non -Motorized Facilities Plan (KCNMFP). Planned nonmotorized routes are described below and shown graphically in Figure 8-3. Nonmotorized Facilities Existing Shared -Use Path Existing Sidewalks & Bike Lanes Existing Sidewalks (both sides) Existing Sidewalk (one side) Existing Paved Shoulder -- -- Planned Shared -Use Path - - - - Planned Sidewalks & Bike Lanes School Park Community Center OTransit Center O Park & Ride City Limit Outline Urban Growth Area r i Ir o r � ' —W A ♦ a m! ♦ i " r ♦ sF ' � ♦ --"'In iv- FIII 1 ! L � - ! 1 J r I ,ft Transportation Solutions 0 0.5 A 1 aap 5 2 mi Figure 8-3. Existing and Planned Arterial and Collector Nonmotorized Facilities Map The following sections summarize existing and planned shared right-of-way and separate right-of- way nonmotorized facilities in and near Port Orchard. Shared right-of-way nonmotorized facilities run parallel to roadways within the public right-of-way. They may include sidewalks, bike facilities, and shared -use paths or trails. Off -right-of-way facilities generally exist outside public street right-of-way but may cross public streets. These facilities include shared -use paths and other nonmotorized •= Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 transportation infrastructure such as pedestrian/bicycle freeway overpasses. In this element, bike facilities are defined as an element of transportation infrastructure that is designed to convey bicycle travelers. This may include bike lanes, cycle tracks, shared lanes, and shared multi -use paths. The selection of bike facilities for a given route may be influenced by contextual factors such as roadway volume, traffic speeds, sight distance, right-of-way width, and the character of the surrounding built environment. More information about bicycle facilities and their applications may be found in the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) Urban Bikeway Design Guide. 8.4.2. Arterial and Collector Shared Right -of -Way Facilities Bethel Road (Bay Street to Sedgwick Road) This 2.62-mile route will be the core north -south connection through Port Orchard and its busiest commercial centers. Anyone traveling east or west across the city crosses Bethel Road because it stretches from the northern waterfront to the southern city limits. Bethel Road carries 11,500 to 16,900 Average Weekly Daily Traffic (AWDT). The street has been programmed for improvements, described conceptually in the Bethel Road and Sedgwick Road Corridor Study, which will include bike lanes and sidewalks. The reconstruction of Bethel Road will provide an opportunity to ensure nonmotorized facilities better meet the spirit of this plan. The route is a designated nonmotorized route in the KCNMFP. Feigley Road (Old Clifton Road to Lone Bear Lane) This 0.35-mile trail is a paved pathway on the east side of Feigley Road. Improvements may be needed to bring this trail into compliance with City design standards and to accommodate nonmotorized traffic generated by future development along Feigley Road. Glenwood/Sedgwick Road (McCormick Woods Drive to Long Lake Road) This 4.0-mile route will connect the commercial centers of Ruby Creek and Sedgwick-Bethel, SR 16, and residential neighborhoods in the southeastern part of the Urban Growth Area. It is partially outside of city limits and is mostly designated as a state highway, requiring collaboration with Kitsap County and the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). It is a designated nonmotorized route in the KCNMFP. McCormick Woods Drive (Old Clifton Road to Glenwood Road) This 4.0-mile segment consists of a wide road shoulder throughout the McCormick Woods neighborhood. It is already a popular route for bicycling and walking. However, it does not currently meet City nonmotorized design standards. Further study is necessary to identify roadway design, engineering, and enforcement measures which may be required to reduce vehicle speeds and to improve nonmotorized safety and access. McCormick Village Drive/Telford Way (North City Limits to McCormick Woods Dr) A 1.6-mile route has partially been constructed along McCormick Village Drive. This trail will be Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 extended pursuant to a development agreement as additional phases of McCormick West (McCormick Trails) is constructed. The trail is expected to reach about 1.6 miles in length upon completion and will create a loop where it intersects with the Telford Way SW trail. Mile Hill Drive (Bethel Road to Whittier Ave) This 1.4-mile route will connect the Mile Hill center with residential neighborhoods to the east. It will provide a route to school for students at Orchard Heights Elementary School and Marcus Whitman Junior High School. Mile Hill Drive has 13,400 to 15,200 AWDT. It is partially a state highway, which will require collaboration with Kitsap County and WSDOT. The route is a designated nonmotorized route in the KCNMFP. WSDOT has programmed several improvement projects which will provide nonmotorized improvements along the corridor, including a new roundabout at Wolves Road and new culvert adjacent to Veterans Park. Mitchell Avenue (Bethel Avenue to Bay Street) This 1.16-mile route will connect the central portion of Port Orchard and neighborhoods outside of the city to the high school. It partially passes through unincorporated territory within the Urban Growth Area, which will require collaboration with Kitsap County for completion. Roundabout improvements at Bethel/Lundberg/Mitchell and Lincoln/Mitchell will see the Mitchell Y intersection eliminated except for non -motorized connectivity. Old Clifton Road (Feigley Road to SR 16) This trail will connect the McCormick Village local center with the site of a future high school, enabling students to safely walk and bike to class. The trail will also extend along Old Clifton Road to connect with the Old Clifton Industrial Park, a local center. Special consideration will be needed for how the trail merges with bike lanes and sidewalks on Tremont Street. Locating the trail on the north and west sides of Old Clifton Road may minimize conflicts with driveways and intersections. Old Clifton Road serves up to approximately 7,500 AWDT. Typical right-of-way width is 60 feet. A portion of the trail passes through unincorporated Kitsap County and an area not within the Port Orchard Urban Growth Area. Port Orchard will need to collaborate with Kitsap County to complete this trail segment. It is identified as a nonmotorized route in the KCNMFP. Port Orchard Boulevard (Tremont Street to Bay Street) This 1.06-mile arterial segment currently serves approximately 2,500 AWDT. It will provide a connection between the Tremont Medical Center and Downtown Port Orchard via Port Orchard, a relatively low -volume roadway bound by greenbelt. The Bay Street Pedestrian Pathway West Situation Study identifies plans for complete street improvements along Port Orchard Boulevard. Pottery Avenue/Sidney Road SW (Tremont Street to South City Limits) This 1.91-mile route will connect the Tremont Medical Center with the Ruby Creek Center and provide a safe route to school directly adjacent to Cedar Heights Junior High School and Sidney Glen Elementary School. The 2024-2029 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) includes a complete streets improvement project for the Pottery Avenue portion of this corridor. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 A small portion of the route is outside of city limits and within the Urban Growth Area, requiring collaboration with Kitsap County or ROW acquisition for completion. The route carries between 4,500 AWDT (south of Tremont St) and 9,000 AWDT (north of Sedgwick Rd) and is a nonmotorized route in the KCNMFP. Salmonberry Road West (Ramsey Rd to city limit) This route will be an east -west connection through residential neighborhoods, connecting the Bethel commercial corridor with Jackson Avenue. Salmonberry Road serves 2,300 AWDT. About half of this route is outside of City limits but still within the Port Orchard Urban Growth Area, which will require collaboration with Kitsap County for completion. The City is designing improvements for a portion of Salmonberry Road West as part of the Bethel Phase 1 project. Sidney Avenue (Tremont Street to Fireweed Street) This 0.97-mile route will primarily connect residential areas and multi -family developments to Paul Powers Jr. Park, Van Zee Park, Cedar Heights Junior High School (via Lippert), and to the nonmotorized facilities on Tremont Street. Sidney Avenue serves 5,000 AWDT. This project requires the construction of a regional stormwater facility at the end of Sherman Ave to facilitate the build -out of the nonmotorized improvements within this corridor. Property was acquired for a regional stormwater facility and park in 2022. St. Andrews Drive (McCormick Woods Dr to McCormick Woods Dr) When completed, this 1.6-mile segment will provide a nonmotorized loop within the McCormick Woods community. The north 1.0-mile portion of St. Andrews Drive currently begins at McCormick Woods Drive and terminates just north of Hawkstone Avenue. A future 0.6-mile section will extend to the southeast, connecting to McCormick Woods Drive at SW Dunraven Place. Funding commitments for the completion of this facility are provided in a development agreement with McCormick Woods. Nonmotorized treatments will include a 12-foot paved shoulder, consistent with the development agreement. Tremont Street/Lund Avenue (SR 16 to Jackson Avenue) This 2.63-mile route will be the main east -west connection across Port Orchard. It passes through two local centers and connects Van Zee Park and South Kitsap Regional Park. It also intersects with a planned connection at Port Orchard Boulevard. It has the most traffic of any street in Port Orchard: Between SR 16 and Bethel Road, Tremont serves approximately 23,000 vehicles AWDT; east of Bethel, Lund Avenue serves 16,000 AWDT. A 0.65-mile portion of this route from SR 16 to Port Orchard Boulevard was constructed as part of the Tremont Street improvement project. The next phase will extend the route from Port Orchard Boulevard to Sidney Avenue. The eastern end of the route is outside of city limits but within the Urban Growth Area, requiring collaboration with Kitsap County. The Kitsap County Transportation Improvement Program identifies four improvement projects on this corridor by 2028, including sidewalks and bike facilities from the Port Orchard city limit to Jackson Avenue and three new Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 roundabouts. This route is identified as a nonmotorized route in the KCNMFP. 8.4.3. Residential Shared Right -of -Way Facilities Hawkstone Avenue (McCormick Woods Dr to St Andrews Dr) This 0.85-mile segment currently extends from McCormick Woods Dr to Tobermory Circle SW, terminating just southwest of St. Andrews Drive. In the future, Hawkstone Ave will connect with St. Andrews Drive to provide a connection to the St. Andrews Dr nonmotorized loop. The street currently provides a paved shoulder on one side. Ultimate nonmotorized treatments may include sharrows to designate shared -use travel lanes in both directions. Retsil Road (Mile Hill Drive to Bay Street) This 1.1-mile route will provide safe access through the City's most northeastern residential areas and connect directly to Veterans Park, the waterfront, and the Annapolis foot ferry dock. Retsil Road has 4,000 AWDT, which is relatively high for a residential street. Part of the route passes through an unincorporated area within the Urban Growth Area, which will require collaboration with Kitsap County. Ramsey Road (Sedgwick Road to Salmonberry Road) This 0.5-mile local street section provides an alternative north -south route to the Bethel Road corridor to the east. The construction of a complete street section with bike facilities and sidewalks will provide safe nonmotorized access to properties along Ramsey Road as well as a low -volume connection between Sedgwick Road and Salmonberry Road. Pottery Avenue (Tremont Place to Melcher Street) This 0.22-mile local street section provides access to residential development to the north of the Tremont Street corridor and west of Port Orchard Boulevard. Construction of a complete street section with bike facilities and sidewalks will provide a safe nonmotorized connection between existing neighborhoods and Tremont Street. Melcher Street (Tremont Place to Melcher Street) This 0.4-mile east -west local street provides a connection between Tremont Street (via Pottery Avenue to the west) and Port Orchard Boulevard (via Sherman Avenue to the east). It provides direct access to single-family development as well as several residential streets. Construction of a complete street section with bike facilities and sidewalks will provide a safe nonmotorized connection. Fireweed Road (Sidney Avenue to South Flower Avenue) This 0.25-mile local street provides a connection between Sidney Avenue and S Flower Avenue, providing access to single-family development in the area. Construction of a complete street section with bike facilities and sidewalks will provide a safe nonmotorized connection for local residents. Sherman Avenue (Fireweed Road to Terminus at SR 16) Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 This 0.35-mile local street provides direct access to residential development to the south of Fireweed Road. It terminates in a dead-end north of SR 16. Construction of a complete street section with bike facilities and sidewalks will provide a safe nonmotorized connection for local residents. Blueberry Road (Geiger Road to Bethel Road) This 0.4-mile local street provides a connection between Geiger Road and Bethel Road to the north of Sedgwick Road (SR 160). It also connects to Ramsey Road, a north -south corridor which parallels Bethel Road to the west. Construction of a complete street section with bike facilities and sidewalks will provide a safe nonmotorized connection to the Bethel Road and Sedgwick Road (via Geiger Rd). Geiger Road (Sedgwick Road to Blueberry Road) This 0.25-mile local street provides a connection from Blueberry Road to Sedgwick Road. Construction of a complete street section with bike facilities and sidewalks on this section, in conjunction with similar improvements to Blueberry Road and Ramsey Road, will provide a safe nonmotorized alternative to Bethel Road from Sedgwick Road to Salmonberry Road. Sidney Avenue (Prospect Street to waterfront) This 500-foot street section provides access to properties in the downtown subarea and a connection to the Port Orchard waterfront. Existing sidewalks are substandard. Construction of full ADA- accessible sidewalk improvements on both sides will provide a safe and accessible connection to the waterfront for users of all abilities. Harrison Avenue (Bay Street to waterfront) This 350-foot street provides access to properties in the downtown subarea and a connection to the Port Orchard waterfront. The street currently includes a discontinuous non-ADA accessible sidewalk on the west side and no sidewalk on the east side. Construction of full ADA-accessible sidewalk improvements on both sides will provide a safe and accessible connection to the waterfront for users of all abilities. Fredrick Avenue (Bay St to waterfront) This 350-foot street provides access to properties in the downtown subarea and a connection to the Port Orchard waterfront. The street currently includes non-ADA accessible sidewalks on both sides. Construction of full ADA-accessible sidewalk improvements on both sides will provide a safe and accessible connection to the waterfront for users of all abilities. 8.4.4. Off -Right -of -Way Facilities Bay Street Pedestrian Path (Port Orchard Blvd to Annapolis Foot Ferry Dock) This path is envisioned as an off-street connection between Port Orchard's two Foot Ferry docks, one downtown and the other in the Annapolis neighborhood. Part of the path is complete and newly built as a modern shared -use path, with completion planned over the next several years (as of 2024). It will run through the downtown area and connect two waterfront parks and a public boat ramp. It Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 will also connect to a future nonmotorized facility along Port Orchard Boulevard, providing a connection to the Tremont Street/Lund Avenue corridor to the south. The vision for this facility is summarized in the Bay Street Pedestrian Pathway West Situational Study. This pathway is identified by Kitsap County as part of the Mosquito Fleet Trail, which will ultimately include approximately 100 miles of pedestrian and bicycle trails that will link open spaces throughout Kitsap County in an interconnected system. The Mosquito Fleet Trail Master Plan, completed in 2001, identifies the primary corridor through Port Orchard following SW Bay Street and Beach Drive. The existing boardwalk on the downtown waterfront and the sidewalk on the back of shoreline buildings are not consistent with the vision of this nonmotorized plan and of the Mosquito Fleet Trail. Completion of this path will require collaboration with Kitsap County, the Port of Bremerton, and waterfront property owners. Blackjack Creek Trail An off-street multi -use pathway that generally runs parallel to Blackjack Creek providing connectivity between the Bethel/Lund and Sedgwick/Bethel Subareas. This trail, located east of Blackjack Creek, is approximately two miles in length and could be connected to several neighborhoods located between Bethel Road and Blackjack Creek. Opportunities for future connections to the west side of Blackjack Creek should be explored. SW Pendleton Way A 0.5-mile route has partially been constructed in Stetson Heights. This trail may be extended to McCormick East as part of a future development and could be connected to the trails in the McCormick Woods area. Ruby Creek Pathway A shared -use pathway along Ruby Creek from the Stetson Heights development to Sedgwick Road. Sidney -SR 16 Crossing (Sidney Road to Sidney Avenue) Creating a trail across SR 16 in this area could create a new connection between neighborhoods and promote better access to the nearby schools and Paul Powers Jr. Park. If a bridge or tunnel is cost - prohibitive, another option may be to extend SW Moorea Lane to Sidney Road via a series of switchbacks. Crossing SR 16 would require WSDOT approval, followed with an airspace trail lease agreement with WSDOT for ongoing maintenance and preservation of the trail facility. Telford Way SW A 0.85-mile trail has been partially constructed in McCormick West (McCormick Trails). This trail will be extended pursuant to a development agreement as additional phases of McCormick West (McCormick Trails) is constructed. The trail is expected to reach about 0.85 miles in length upon completion and will create a loop where it intersects with McCormick Village Drive at either end. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.4.5. Nonmotorized Improvement Projects Necessary to Achieve System Vision The following projects that include pedestrian or bicycle facility improvements are necessary to achieve the nonmotorized transportation network described above. Cost estimates were obtained from the City of Port Orchard Transportation Improvement Program and adjusted for inflation using the National Highway Construction Cost Index. Cost estimates are not included for off -right-of-way facilities where conceptual alignments have not been identified at the time of this writing. Table 8-4. Nonmotorized Improvement Projects Necessary to Achieve System Vision Project Limits Description Length Cost Estimate (in $$$s)* Collector and Arterial Shared Right -of -Way Facilities Bethel Rd/Sedgwick Bethel Rd (Sedgwick Provide widening and nonmotorized Rd (Multi -phase Rd to Mile Hill Dr); improvements along Bethel Road and 2.1; project) Sedgwick Rd (SR 16 to Sedgwick Road, consistent with 2018 0.7 97,808 Bethel Rd) corridor plan. Feigley Rd Old Clifton Rd to Lone Improve trail to satisfy City design 0.35 337 Bar Ln standards and ADA guidance. Sedgwick Rd West Glenwood Rd to SR 16 Complete streets improvements 1.4 8,285 consistent with 2018 corridor plan. McCormick Woods Old Clifton Rd to Analyze and implement nonmotorized 4.0 337 Dr Glenwood Rd safety and accessibility improvements. McCormick Village McCormick Woods Dr Complete paved shared -use path Dev. Dr to north city limit (developer -funded improvement). 2'6 funded Mile Hill Dr Bethel Rd to Whittier Curb, gutter, sidewalks, and bike 1.4 3,534 Ave facilities. Mitchell Ave Bethel Ave to Bay St Curb, gutter, sidewalks, and bike 1.2 3,029 facilities. Old Clifton Rd Feigley Rd to SR 16 New shared -use path connecting McCormick Village with Old Clifton 2.7 4,543 Industrial Park and SR 16. Port Orchard Blvd Tremont St to Bay St Road diet3 with downhill bikeable 1.1 14,395 shoulder and shared -use pathway. Pottery Ave SR 16 to Lippert Dr Address sidewalk gaps and construct nonmotorized improvements, including bikeable shoulders and 0.45 7,067 safety improvements at Pottery/Lippert intersection. Salmonberry Rd Ramsey Rd to east Widen to two travel lanes with curb, 0.4 1,010 West city limits gutter, sidewalks, and bicycle facilities. Sidney Ave Tremont St to Widen Sidney Ave to include terminus sidewalks, bike lanes, and storm 1.0 17,668 drainage. 3 A road diet, or roadway reconfiguration, can improve safety, calm traffic, provide better mobility and access for all road users, and enhance overall quality of life. A road diet typically involves converting an existing four -lane undivided roadway to a three -lane roadway consisting of two through lanes and a center two-way left -turn lane (bit.ly/3UKn8Ea). Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Project Limits Description Length Cost Estimate (in $$$s)* Sidney Rd SW Sedgwick Rd to Berry Design phase of a project to widen the Lake Rd 0.95-mile segment from Sedgwick Road to Berry Lake Rd to three lanes 0.85 10,537 with bike facilities, sidewalks, and traffic calming. St. Andrews Dr McCormick Woods Dr Complete St. Andrews Dr corridor, to McCormick Woods including pedestrian & bike facilities. 0.6 337 Dr Tremont St/Lund Port Orchard Blvd to Provide concrete sidewalks, bike Ave city limit facilities, and drainage improvements. 1.15 2,903 Residential Shared Right -of -Way Facilities Hawkstone Ave McCormick Woods Dr Pavement striping and signage to to St Andrews Dr designated shared -use lanes. 0.85 168 Retsil Rd Mile Hill Dr to Bay St Curb, gutter, sidewalks, and bike facilities. 1.1 2,776 Ramsey Rd Sedgwick Rd to Widen to two full travel lanes with Salmonberry Rd curb, gutter, sidewalks, and bicycle 0.5 4,207 facilities. Pottery Ave Tremont PI to Widen to two full travel lanes with Melcher St bike lanes, sidewalk, and stormwater 0.2 2,692 improvements. Melcher St Pottery Ave to Widen to include two travel lanes, bike Sherman Ave lanes, sidewalks, and a stormwater 0.4 1,010 system. Fireweed Rd Sidney Ave to S Widen to two full travel lanes with Flower Ave bike lanes and sidewalks. 0.25 631 Sherman Ave Fireweed Rd to Widen to two full travel lanes with Terminus bike lanes and sidewalks. 0.35 883 Blueberry Rd Geiger Rd to Bethel Widen to two full travel lanes with Rd curb, gutter, sidewalks, and bike lanes. 0.4 1,010 Geiger Rd Sedgwick Rd to Widen to two full travel lanes with Blueberry Rd curb, gutter, sidewalks, and bike lanes. 0.25 631 Sidney Ave Prospect St to Sidewalk and streetscape waterfront improvements. 0.1 2,524 Harrison Ave Bay St to waterfront Sidewalk and streetscape 0.05 1,683 improvements. Fredrick Ave Cline St to waterfront Sidewalk and streetscape 0.05 2,524 improvements. Off -Right -of -Way Facilities Bay St Pedestrian P.O. Blvd to Annapolis Multiuse pathway from Kitsap Transit Path Foot Ferry Dock station to Port Orchard Blvd. 1.6 16,761 Blackjack Creek Trail Bethel Rd to Blackjack Off-street shared -use path (alignment Crk TBD). TBD TBD SW Pendleton Way Fielder PI to Off-street shared -use path (alignment McCormick TBD). TBD TBD Ruby Creek Path Stetson Heights to Off-street shared -use path (alignment TBD TBD Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Project Limits Description Length Cost Estimate (in $$$s)* Sedgwick TBD). Sidney SR 16 Sidney Rd to Sidney Off-street shared -use path and SR 16 Crossing Ave over- or undercrossing (alignment TBD TBD TBD). Telford Way McCormick West Off-street shared -use path (developer- Dev. funded) 0.85 funded Total Estimated Cost 209,290 *Cost estimates are expressed in thousands of 2023 dollars Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.5. Level of Service Transportation Level of Service (LOS) is a qualitative description of the operating performance of a given element of transportation infrastructure. It is typically expressed as a letter grade from LOS A, representing free flow operations with almost no travel delay, to LOS F, representing complete breakdown of flow and high delay. LOS establishes a basis for comparison between streets and intersections and helps guide the prioritization of improvement projects. Port Orchard's street network should maintain consistency with Kitsap County's network while accommodating the City's transportation needs and vision. To establish and maintain this consistency, the City's LOS standards must be suited to the needs of Port Orchard while retaining some similarity to LOS standards in the adjacent urban unincorporated area. This section describes the basis for the City of Port Orchard LOS standards. 8.5.1. Street Segment Level of Service Definition Port Orchard has adopted a system of planning -level street segment capacity standards for long- range planning and transportation concurrency management. The standards, which are based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) concepts and similar policies adopted throughout Western Washington, define a maximum allowable service volume based on functional classification and presence of left -turn lanes, access control, nonmotorized facilities, and on -street parking. The adopted street segment capacity standards are summarized in Table 8-5. Table 8-5. Street Segment Capacity Standards Functional Classification Base Capacity (vphpll) Capacity Adjustments (vph) Left -Turn Lane Access - Restricted Segment No Bike Lane No Sidewalk On -Street parking Freeway 2,000 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a State Highway 950 475 665 0 0 0 Principal Arterial 850 425 595 -85 -170 -45 Minor Arterial 750 375 525 -40 -75 -40 Collector 620 310 435 -30 -60 -30 vph: Vehicles Per Hour; vphpl: Vehicles Per Hour Per Lane Left -turn lanes are estimated to add the capacity equivalent of one half through lane by removing major approach left -turn delay. Similarly, segments with limited access, including physical or natural barriers, provide an increase of the equivalent of 70 percent of one through lane. Capacity reductions for lack of nonmotorized facilities are based on the principle that HCM capacity calculations assume complete urban street sections. Streets without sidewalk or bicycle facilities will force nonmotorized users into vehicle lanes, reducing vehicle capacity. Exceptions to these nonmotorized reductions can be made for freeways and state highways which are designed to emphasize vehicle mobility over nonmotorized traffic. The presence of on -street parking also reduces capacity slightly. Street segment LOS is based on the ratio of traffic volume to roadway capacity, or v/c ratio. Port Orchard has adopted LOS thresholds consistent with the Port Orchard/South Kitsap Subarea Plan and Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 planning -level LOS thresholds defined in Highway Capacity Manual 1994. Adopted street segment LOS thresholds and descriptions are summarized in Table 8-6. Table 8-6. Port Orchard Street Segment LOS Thresholds and Characteristics Volume / LOS Capacity Description Facility accommodates all modes of transportation. Vehicles experience A <_ 0.60 free flow, with low volumes and high speeds. Stable flow, with traffic conditions beginning to restrict operating B 0.61-0.70 speeds. Drivers still have reasonable maneuverability between multiple lanes. All modes are accommodated. Fairly stable flow, but higher volumes more closely constrict speeds and C 0.71— 0.80 maneuverability. Approaching unstable flow, with tolerable operating speeds and limited D 0.81-ago maneuverability. Facilities without nonmotorized facilities and heavy pedestrian/bike volume may experience unstable flow. Nonmotorized users in travel lanes will conflict with heavy vehicle E 0.91— 1.00 volume and cause breakdowns in flow. Vehicles experience unstable flow with reduced operating speeds. Facility is unable to accommodate all modes. Vehicles experience forced F > 1.00 flow, operating under stop -and -go conditions. Port Orchard has adopted an "ultimate street LOS policy' which provides a segment LOS exemption to streets which have been fully constructed to their respective design standard. This includes, for example, Tremont Street between the SR 16 interchange and Port Orchard Boulevard. Ultimate street design standards are based on the Port Orchard Public Works Engineering Standards and the street design classifications identified in Figure 8-4. 8.5.2. Intersection Level of Service Definition Intersection LOS is based on the average delay experienced by a vehicle traveling through an intersection. Delay at a signalized intersection can be caused by waiting for the signal or waiting for the queue ahead to clear the signal. Delay at unsignalized intersections is caused by waiting for a gap in traffic or waiting for a queue to clear the intersection. Table 8-7 shows the amount of delay used to determine intersection LOS measured in second per vehicle (sec/veh). The intersection LOS analysis completed for this Transportation Element was completed using Highway Capacity Manual 6th Edition (HCM6) methodologies for signalized and stop -controlled intersections. Roundabout delays and LOS were calculated using the Sidra capacity methodology, per WSDOT guidelines. For minor -approach stop controlled intersections, LOS is based on the turn movement with the worst (highest) delay. For all other intersection control types, LOS is based on average delay. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Street Design Standard Pri ncipal Arterial A --- principal Arterial B �- Mlnor Arterlal A - - - - Mlnor Arterkal B - - - Mlnor Arterlal C Corrector A -- Collector B Sedgwick-Bethel Corridor Study McCormick Cammunities City Limit O,tlin, Urba n Grcrwrth Afea 7_1Z, r r 1 i 7rur�spa�tuGvr� SaurGans Figure 8-4. Street Design Standards 1 r MQEft�,MEM Table 8-7. Intersection Level of Service Thresholds Itxt TQ - i r + r r r rr I i 1 � r L r • 1 R..1 � ! L_j t � I 1 a * SE drax+ElR 2 mi LOS Signalized and Roundabout Delay (sec/veh) Stop -Control Delay (sec/veh) A 1510 1510 B >10-20 >10-15 C >20-35 >15-25 D >35 — 55 >25 — 35 E >55 — 80 >35 — 50 F >80 >50 Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.5.3. Level of Service Standards and Concurrency Requirements The Growth Management Act (GMA) requires cities to adopt local Level of Service (LOS) standards and ordinances that prohibit development if the adopted standard would be violated by development approval. Developments must be required to provide for necessary improvements within a six -year period with an additional extension of six years permitted on a case -by -case basis. GMA requires that a LOS standard be set but acknowledges the need for flexibility by providing for six years and extensions for the development of required improvements. Therefore, during that period, some portion of the facilities may be under development, design and construction. During that period, facilities may be experiencing congestion that exceeds the adopted standard. As facilities are completed, improvements may initially provide transportation service that performs better than the adopted standard. Port Orchard has adopted a minimum LOS standard of LOS D for the City's functionally classified (i.e. collector and arterial) street system. This represents a compromise between the theoretical "ideal" LOS A and the realities of travel demand, construction, and financial capabilities. At LOS A, people could travel anywhere anytime with no delay. LOS D represents the ability to travel the City's arterial and collector routes with only moderate congestion -related delays. As the City of Port Orchard grows and becomes more urbanized, some additional travel delay will become a reality, particularly during peak periods. Minimum LOS for intersections on State facilities are set by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). SR 16 is designated by WSDOT as a Highway of Statewide Significance (HSS) and is assigned minimum LOS D. SR 160 (Sedgwick Rd) is designated as a non-HSS route with minimum LOS D. SR 166 (Bay St/Bethel/Mile Hill Dr) is a non-HSS route with minimum LOS E Mitigated. This standard means that when the peak hour LOS falls below LOS E, congestion shoulder be mitigated through measures such as transit improvements. Port Orchard may, however, choose to monitor LOS and program improvements at intersections along WSDOT facilities, particularly if they introduce delay to City streets. 8.5.3.1 Level of Service Standards A. Pedestrian Safety and Mobility LOS. Developments will provide for pedestrian safety, including adequate connections to existing pedestrian facilities. Proximity to pedestrian oriented establishments, including but not limited to schools, parks, and commercial establishments shall be considered when evaluating pedestrian safety. Particular attention shall be given to school walk routes. 1. Ultimate Pedestrian LOS. The ultimate pedestrian facility design includes a sidewalk, curb and gutter section or other approved non -motorized vehicle facility. Specific requirements may identify the need for additional safety precautions. 2. Minimum Pedestrian LOS. A minimum pedestrian facility shall include one of the following: A six -foot -wide paved path separated from the paved roadway surface by either an unpaved ditch or swale, three feet wide; Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 b. An eight-to-12-foot-wide paved path constructed integral with paved roadway surface and including adequate delineation for safety; c. Other conditions may be considered equivalent to the minimum pedestrian safety facility at the sole discretion of the city engineer. B. Traffic Capacity LOS: Traffic Capacity LOS is defined in the Highway Capacity Manual and is based on PM peak hour vehicle capacity. 1. The City's functionally classified (collector and arterial) street system shall meet the following standards: a. Principal arterials — LOS D b. Minor arterials— LOS D c. Collector arterials — LOS C 2. Exemptions to Capacity LOS. The City Council, upon recommendation of the City Engineer may determine as follows: a. That it is not practical to improve specific intersections to achieve higher LOS standards; b. That other improvements may be considered as equivalent mitigation in lieu of achieving the capacity LOS standard stated in this section; c. That a street segment has been constructed to its ultimate design and to provide additional widening would not support the role and character of the street in the City's transportation network. d. Exempt specific intersections or street segments from the LOS standards set forth in this section for a specific period. C. Street Design LOS 1. Ultimate Design LOS. The street system will meet the geometric, right-of-way width, and street section standards for the classification defined in the Public Works Engineering Standards and Specifications, the subdivision code, the comprehensive plan, or other site -specific project requirements. This will include, but not be limited to, traffic control, drainage, other utilities, pedestrian facilities, transportation facility design, construction, right-of-way, and easement dedications, for all transportation facilities, including frontage improvements and arterial connections in conformance with criteria set forth in the ultimate design LOS. Other utilities and appurtenances shall be constructed to meet city standards and comprehensive plans concurrent with the street construction. 2. Three -Quarter Street LOS. The street system shall consist of sidewalk, curb, gutter, all utilities, and appurtenances, and one-half of the ultimate pavement width on the development side of the right-of-way, plus a minimum 14-foot pavement width on the opposite side of the street. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 The total width shall not exceed the ultimate design width. This will include, but not be limited to, traffic control, drainage and other utilities, pedestrian facilities, transportation facility design, construction, right-of-way, and easement dedications, for all transportation facilities, including frontage improvements and arterial connections in conformance with criteria set forth in the ultimate design LOS. Other utilities and appurtenances shall be constructed to meet city standards and comprehensive plans concurrent with the street construction. 3. Minimum Street LOS. A minimum 30-foot-wide paved street section centered on ultimate design cross section with sufficient traffic capacity to serve existing and project generated traffic. Curb, gutter, and sidewalk will not be required; however, pedestrian safety facilities would normally be required. Drainage may be in surface ditches or a subsurface conveyance. This will include, but not be limited to, traffic control, drainage and other utilities, pedestrian facilities, transportation facility design, construction, right-of-way, and easement dedications, for all transportation facilities, including frontage improvements and arterial connections in conformance with criteria set forth in the ultimate design LOS. Other utilities and appurtenances shall be constructed to meet city standards and comprehensive plans concurrent with street construction. 4. Nonmotorized Transportation LOS. Development proposals shall be evaluated for compliance with city plans and policies, including the Transportation Element of the Comprehensive Plan. Development proposals shall be evaluated for continuity with the system and may be required to provide off -site improvements. Development proposals may be required to expand the plan in some locations to provide for nonmotorized circulation to neighboring properties or areas. The emphasis shall be on off-street paths, but shall also include selected arterials, collectors, and school walk routes which may require separated bike/pedestrian paths, lanes, or other improvements to ensure access continuity and safety for trips generated in the development. 8.5.3.2. Concurrency Requirements All developments shall meet the minimum development standards for Pedestrian Safety and Mobility LOS. The criteria for determining the applicable standard for determining compliance with pedestrian safety LOS, traffic capacity LOS, and street design standard LOS concurrency requirements shall include, but not be limited to, the volume of traffic generated or to be generated on the arterial street system from a development at full build -out during the most critical or highest volume hour of the day hereafter referred to as the peak hour. The peak hour volume shall be determined by a traffic impact analysis. Compliance with the concurrency LOS standards will be based on the following criteria: A. Fewer Than 10 Peak Hour Trips. If a project generates fewer than 10 peak hour vehicle trips, the City Engineer shall determine the necessity of the project to meet all or a portion of the concurrency LOS requirements. 1. Street Frontage. Minimum street LOS improvements must be in place on the project street frontage. The City Engineer shall consider the following when making this determination if nonmotorized safety of traffic capacity LOS is required. In no case shall the concurrency requirements exceed those of a Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 project with 29 or fewer peak hour trips. • Proposed developments in the area; • Proximity of adjacent ultimate, three-quarter street, and/or minimum LOS improvements; • Adequacy and condition of street frontage improvements; • Proximity to pedestrian oriented establishments such as, but not limited to, schools, parks, and commercial businesses; • Anticipated impacts of project; • Capacity of the affected arterial street system. B. Ten to 29 Peak Hour Trips. If a project generates 10 to 29 peak hour trips, the following LOS standards are necessary to achieve concurrency: 1. Street Frontage. Three-quarter street LOS improvements must be in place on the project street frontage. 2. Adjacent Street System. a. Minimum Street LOS Improvements. Minimum street LOS improvements must be in place on the adjacent street system for a distance of up to 200 feet in the direction of an arterial street that meets the three-quarter street LOS on the same side of the street as the development. b. Minimum Pedestrian Safety LOS. Minimum pedestrian safety LOS improvements must be in place on the adjacent street system to the point where they connect to or intersect with an arterial street that meets the three- quarter street LOS on the same side of the street as the development. Improvements may be considered connected to adjacent improvements on the opposite side of the street, if the connection is made with an approved pedestrian crossing facility at a controlled intersection, providing protection to the pedestrians with a stop sign or traffic signal, at the discretion of the city engineer. 3. Traffic Capacity LOS. Intersections and segments impacted by traffic from the development as identified in the project traffic impact analysis shall be evaluated for capacity LOS standards. Intersections and segments on the functionally classified street system that are impacted by peak hour traffic generated by the development shall be required to meet capacity LOS standards. All or a portion of the development shall be denied or delayed until deficient facilities meet traffic capacity LOS standards. C. Thirty to 75 Peak Hour Trips. If a project generates 30 to 75 peak hour trips the following LOS standards are necessary to achieve concurrency: Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 1. Street Frontage. Three-quarter street LOS improvements must be in place on the project street frontage. 2. Adjacent Street System. Three-quarter street LOS improvements must be in place on the adjacent street system to the point where they connect to an arterial street that meets the three-quarter street LOS on the same side of the street as the development. 3. Traffic Capacity LOS. Intersections and segments impacted by traffic from the development as identified in the project traffic impact analysis shall be evaluated for traffic capacity LOS standards. Intersections and segments on the functionally classified street system that are impacted by peak hour traffic generated by the development shall be required to meet capacity LOS standards. All or a portion of the development shall be denied or delayed until deficient facilities meet traffic capacity LOS standards. 4. Nonmotorized Transportation LOS. Development proposals shall be evaluated for compliance with the nonmotorized component of the Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element. Development proposals shall be evaluated for continuity with the system and may be required to provide off -site improvements. Development proposals may be required to expand the plan in some locations to provide for non- motorized circulation to neighboring properties or areas. The emphasis shall be on off-street paths, but shall also include selected arterials, collectors, and school walk routes which may require separated bike/pedestrian paths, lanes, or other improvements to ensure access continuity and safety for trips generated in the development. D. More Than 75 Peak Hour Trips. 1. Street Frontage. Ultimate Design street LOS improvements must be in place on the project street frontage. 2. Adjacent Street System. Three-quarter street LOS improvements must be in place on the adjacent street system to the point where they connect to an arterial street that meets the three-quarter street LOS on the same side of the street as the development. 3. Traffic Capacity LOS. Intersections and segments impacted by traffic from the development as identified in the project traffic impact analysis shall be evaluated for traffic capacity LOS standards. Intersections and segments on the functionally classified street system that are impacted by peak hour traffic generated by the development shall be required to meet capacity LOS standards and street design standards. All or a portion of the development shall be denied or delayed until deficient intersections meet traffic capacity LOS standards. 4. Nonmotorized Transportation LOS. Development proposals shall be evaluated for compliance with the nonmotorized component of the Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element . Development proposals shall be evaluated for continuity with the system and may be required to provide off -site improvements. Development proposals may be required to expand the plan in some locations to provide for non- motorized circulation to neighboring properties or areas. The emphasis shall be on off-street paths, but shall also include selected arterials, collectors, school walk routes which may require separated bike/pedestrian paths, lanes, or other improvements to ensure access continuity and safety for trips generated in the development. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.6. Traffic Forecasting 8.6.1. Land Use Assumptions 8.6.1.1. Existing Land Use Traffic forecasting is based on the relationship of vehicle trips to development or land use. Land use can be organized into two general categories: households and employees. Residential land use forecasts are often expressed in terms of population, however for travel demand modeling it is helpful to convert population into trip -generating households. Current Port Orchard population and household estimates were obtained from Census 2020 data and are summarized in Table 8-8. Table 8-8. Port Orchard 2020 Population Estimate Total Population 15,587 Total Households I6,952 Existing Port Orchard employment is summarized in Table 8-9 and is consistent with the 2021 Kitsap County Buildable Lands Report. Employment inventory is organized into six categories, consistent with the categories used in the Kitsap County transportation model which formed the foundation of the Port Orchard citywide transportation model. Table 8-9 identifies the modeled employment categories, corresponding North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes, number of employees, and share of total citywide employment. Table 8-9. Port Orchard 2020 Employment Classification Sector (NAICS #) Number Percent Retail (44, 45) 3,097 36% Commercial Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Services (51-56, 61-62, 71-72, 81) 2,827 33% Government and Education (Public sector) 1,828 21% Construction and Resources (11, 21, 23) 458 5% Industry Manufacturing, Wholesale Trade, Transportation, and Utilities (22, 31-33, 42, 48-49) 405 5% Total 8,61 8.6.1.2. Development Forecast Long-range housing and development forecasts were obtained from PSRV VISION 2050 allocations and Kitsap County Countywide Planning Policies. The 2044 citywide population and housing forecasts are summarized in Table 8-10. The forecast includes a total of 10,396 households, an increase of 49 percent from 2020. Table 8-10. Port Orchard 2044 Population Estimate Total Population 26,374 Total Households 10,396 2044 employment forecasts are identified in Table 8-11 for each of five job sectors. Citywide employment is expected to reach 14,015 by 2044, an increase of 63 percent from 2020. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Table 8-11. Port Orchard 2044 Emplovment Forecast Classification Sector (NAICS #) Number Percent Retail (44, 45) 4,987 36% Commercial Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Services (51-56, 61-62, 71-72, 81) 4,759 34% Government and Education (Public sector) 2,940 21% Construction and Resources (11, 21, 23) 691 5% Industry Manufacturing, Wholesale Trade, Transportation, and Utilities (22, 31- 33, 42, 48-49) 639 5% Total 1 14,015 Future housing and employment growth was geographically allocated throughout the City of Port Orchard based on a buildable lands analysis developed for the Land Use Element of this Comprehensive Plan. Housing and employment growth outside city limits was calculated using PSRC VISION 2050 forecasts for Kitsap County. 8.6.2. Traffic Forecasting Model 8.6.2.1. Background Port Orchard maintains a citywide travel demand model which is regularly updated and utilized for transportation planning, policymaking, and concurrency management. The Port Orchard model was initially developed in 2015 based on the Kitsap County travel demand model. It was updated in 2019 and most recently in 2022 for this Transportation Element update. The travel demand model calculates growth in units of weekday PM peak hour vehicle trips. This approach is consistent with the Kitsap County travel demand model. 8.6.2.2. Network Development The modeled transportation network was updated based on field review, aerial imagery, and signal timing data obtained from Kitsap County and WSDOT staff. The modeled street network includes all functionally classified roadways and most local streets within the City and UGA, in addition to regionally significant County and state routes in the vicinity. Turn capacities and volume -delay functions were modeled using Highway Capacity Manual 61h Edition methodologies for signalized and stop -controlled intersections, and TRL/Kimber capacity methodology for roundabouts. Link capacities and volume -delay functions were modeled based on planning -level Highway Capacity Manual capacity concepts, consistent with the Kitsap County travel demand model. 8.6.2.3. Traffic Analysis Zone Structure Transportation Analysis Zones (TAZs) are the geographic units used by a travel demand model to represent land use and to generate trips into and out of the transportation network. Each TAZ's land use determines the number of trips generated by the TAZ. The travel demand model includes a total of 93 TAZs, including 76 "internal" and 17 "external" TAZs. The TAZ structure is shown in Figure 8-5. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Internal zones are defined geographic areas which represent housing and employment in and near the City and UGA. Internal TAZ boundaries were defined based on Census 2020 block boundaries and refined based on city limits and zoning. Forty-four of the model's 76 TAZs are located within city limits. External zones represent trips entering and exiting the planning area via major access routes. The model's 17 external TAZs include major state routes such as SR 3 and SR 16 as well as smaller access routes such as Victory Drive and the Kitsap Transit Foot Ferry. In contrast to internal TAZs which are based on defined geographic areas, external TAZs represent vehicle trips crossing a specified point, typically determined via traffic count. A portion of the trips generated by an external zone connect with internal TAZs, while the remainder of the trips interact with other external zones outside the planning area. These external -to -external trips have neither an origin nor destination within the study area, yet they pass through the study area, impacting the transportation network. Figure 8-5. Transportation Analysis Zones Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.6.2.4. Trip Generation The first step of the travel demand modeling process is to translate housing and employment into trip origins and destinations for each TAZ. The travel demand model includes five trip types: • Home -to -Work (HW) and Work -to -Home (WH): Trips with one end at the traveler's home and the other end at the traveler's place of employment. • Home -to -Other (HO) and Other -to -Home (OH): Trips with one end at the traveler's home and the other end at somewhere other than the traveler's place of employment, e.g. shopping trips. • Non -Home -Based (NHB): Trips without an end at the traveler's home. Modeled trip generation rates were initially based on PM peak hour trip rates published in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual1P Edition. Rates were calibrated to more closely reflect volumes observed in traffic counts collected in January and February 2022. Modeled trip rates are summarized in Table 8-12. Table 8-12. Travel Demand Model PM Peak Hour Trio Generation Rates Land Use Units HWl WH' H01 OH' NHB' Total oz DZ oz DZ OZ DZ oz DZ OZ D2 Single -Family Res. DU 0.025 0 0 0.078 0.441 0 0.011 0.226 0.056 0.008 0.845 Multi -Family Res. DU 0.012 0 0 0.047 0.291 0 0 0.137 0.018 0.005 0.510 RETAIL Emp 0 0.015 0.074 0 0 0.502 0.192 0 0.472 0.221 1.476 FIRES EMP 0 0.009 0.034 0 0 0.344 0.119 0 0.017 0.106 0.629 GOV EMP 0 0.004 0.022 0 0 0.31 0.066 0 0.022 0.128 0.552 E D U EMP 0 0.012 0.127 0 0 0.163 0.273 0 0.206 0.408 1.189 WTU EMP 0 0.017 0.048 0 0 0.211 0.119 0 0.071 0.194 0.660 MANU EMP 0 0.008 0.023 0 0 0.098 0.057 0 0.034 0.090 0.310 CONRES EMP 0 0.017 0.017 0 0 0.235 0.042 0 0.025 0.084 0.420 1HW: home to work; WH: work -to -home; HO: home -to -other; OH: other -to -home; NHB: non -home -based 20: origin trip rate; D: destination trip rate 8.6.2.5. Trip Distribution The trip distribution step consists of identifying an origin and a destination for each trip generated by each TAZ in the travel demand model. The trip distribution process uses a gravity model, based on the gravitational theory that the attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to the bodies' masses and inversely proportional to the distance between the bodies. A TAZ's "mass" is represented by the number of trips generated (produced by or attracted to) the TAZ while the distance factor is represented by route travel time. The result of the trip distribution step is an origin -destination matrix for each trip purpose in the travel demand model. The gravity model calculates the attractiveness between any two TAZs using the utility function: 1(U) = a * (Ub) * (ecu) In the utility function, the independent variable U is defined as travel time between zones. The Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 parameters a, b, and c are calibration factors which influence the weight of travel time in the gravity model. Gravity model parameters were calibrated with consideration for the Kitsap County travel demand model, NCHRP Report 716 (TRB 2012), and traffic count data. The calibrated gravity parameters are shown in Table 8-13. Table 8-13. Trip Distribution Gravitv Model Parameters Trip Purpose Model Parameter a b c Home -to -Work (HW) 28,507 0.400 -0.100 Work -to -Home (WH) 28,507 0.400 -0.100 Home -to -Other (HO) 139,173 -1.017 -0.791 Other -to -Home (OH) 139,173 -1.017 -0.791 Non -Home Based (NHB) 219,133 -0.791 -0.195 8.6.2.6. Traffic Assignment The traffic assignment step consists of finding the optimal route from origin to destination for each trip in the travel demand model. The model begins by calculating the shortest travel -time route from each origin to destination based on free -flow conditions. It loads trips into the network based on the initial solution, recalculates traffic delay based on the updated network volume, and recalculates shortest paths based on the updated delay results. This process is repeated until an equilibrium condition is achieved in which every trip has been assigned its shortest path based on congested network conditions. 8.6.2.7. Model Validation The base year model was calibrated to improve the relationship between modeled flows and observed traffic volumes. Traffic volume data was collected in January and February 2022 and included intersection turning movement counts at 56 intersections and tube counts collected at 6 road segments in and near Port Orchard. The base year model was calibrated based on guidance from FHWA's Travel Model Validation and Reasonableness Checking Manual Second Edition (FHWA 2010). Model inputs and parameters were adjusted iteratively to improve the correlation between modeled traffic volumes and observed traffic volumes. Calibration statistics and a scatterplot of assigned vs. counted traffic volume are shown in Figure 8-6. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 3000 2500 2000 3 NumObs= 426 ,L %RMSE= 15 1500 RZ = 0.98 LW Slope = 0.95 N Y-Int = 8.31 1000 . �'� MeanRelError = 9% 500 •• 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Counted Volume Figure 8-6. Travel Demand Model Calibration Statistics 8.6.3. Long -Range Forecasting Assumptions The long-range (2044) traffic forecasts were calculated based on housing and employment forecasts identified in the Land Use Element. Traffic growth external to the planning area was calculated based on historical growth rates. Long-range forecasts included both "Without Improvement" and "With Improvement" scenarios. The "Without Improvement" scenario assumed no transportation capacity improvements would be constructed in the planning horizon. Transportation improvement strategies necessary to maintain minimum LOS standards were identified and modeled in the "With -Improvement" scenario. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.7. Transportation System Needs 8.7.1. 2022 Traffic Volumes and LOS Deficiencies An analysis of 2022 volume -to -capacity ratios on 59 functionally classified collector and arterial segments within city limits identified two street segments which currently operate below their respective minimum LOS standards. Both segments are located along the Bethel Road corridor, which is programmed for complete street improvements in the TIP. Existing street segment LOS deficiencies are identified in Table 8-14. Table 8-14.2022 Street Seement Level of Service Deficiencies Name Functional Classification PM Peak Hour Volume WC LOS Bethel Rd (Sedgwick Rd to Salmonberry) Principal Arterial 1,390 1.17 F Bethel Rd (Salmonberry to Lund Ave) Principal Arterial 1,350 1.13 F Five intersections within city limits operate below minimum LOS standards. Four of the five LOS- deficient intersections are located on WSDOT routes. 2022 PM peak hour intersection LOS deficiencies are identified in Table 8-15. Mitigation strategies for LOS deficiencies are described later in this section. Table 8-15. 2022 Intersection Level of Service Deficiencies Intersection Control' PM Peak Hour Volume Delay2 LOS Bethel Rd SE & Salmonberry Rd TWSC 1,630 48 E Old Clifton Road & SR 16 EB ramps TWSC 1,525 36 E Tremont Street & SR 16 WB ramps TWSC 2,020 158 F Sedgwick Rd (SR 160) & Geiger Road TWSC 1,760 36 E Bay Street (SR 166) & Port Orchard Blvd TWSC 1,450 42 E 1TWSC = Two -Way Stop Control; AWSC = All -Way Stop Control; RAB = Roundabout; Signal = Signalized 2Average control delay for all movements, reported in seconds per vehicle. For TWSC, delay is reported for the movement with the worst (highest) delay. 8.7.2. 2044 Anticipated LOS Deficiencies Five collector and arterial street segments within city limits will operate below their respective minimum LOS standards by 2044. These include two segments of Bethel Road and one segment of Sedgwick Road, classified principal arterial roadways. 2044 street segment LOS deficiencies are identified in Table 8-16. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Table 8-16. 2044 Street Segment LOS Deficiencies Name Functional Classification PM Peak Hour Volume WC LOS Bethel Rd (Sedgwick Rd to Salmonberry) Principal Arterial 1,540 1.29 F Bethel Rd (Salmonberry to Lund Ave) Principal Arterial 1,720 1.45 F Sedgwick Rd/SR 160 (SR 16 to Bethel Rd) Principal Arterial 1,770 0.93 E Sidney Ave (Sedgwick to Berry Lk Rd) Minor Arterial 2,500 1.69 F Old Clifton Rd (City limit to Anderson Hill Rd) Collector 1,590 0.95 E By 2044, 10 intersections within city limits will operate below their minimum LOS standard. In addition to the five existing LOS-deficient intersections which will persist through 2044, five additional intersections on City collector and arterial routes will reach LOS-deficient status by 2044. 2044 intersection LOS deficiencies are identified in Table 8-17. Table 8-17. 2044 Intersection Level of Service Deficiencies Intersection Controls PM Peak Hour Volume Delay2 LOS On City of Port Orchard Routes Bethel Rd SE & Salmonberry Rd TWSC 2,135 >300 F Bethel Rd & Blueberry Rd TWSC 1,620 >300 F Old Clifton Rd & McCormick Woods Dr TWSC 1,720 47 E Old Clifton Rd & Anderson Hill Rd TWSC 1,840 >300 F Old Clifton Rd & Lloyd Parkway TWSC 1,750 62 F Pottery Avenue & S Kitsap Boulevard TWSC 1,090 35 E On WSDOT Routes Old Clifton Road & SR 16 EB ramps TWSC 2,605 >300 F Tremont Street & SR 16 WB ramps TWSC 3,325 52 F Sedgwick Road (SR 160) & Geiger Road TWSC 2,265 99 F Bay Street (SR 166) & Port Orchard Blvd TWSC 1,785 92 F 1TWSC = Two -Way Stop Control; AWSC = All -Way Stop Control; RAB = Roundabout; Signal = Signalized 2Average control delay for all movements, reported in seconds per vehicle. For TWSC, delay is reported for the movement with the worst (highest) delay. Both intersections at the SR 16 Sedgwick Road interchange are expected to operate at LOS D overall through 2044, maintaining their minimum LOS D standard. However, both intersections will operate with a peak hour volume -to -capacity (v/c) ratio greater than 1.00 on the SR 16 off -ramps. This indicates oversaturated conditions, which may result in significant queuing and large variations in travel time. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Figure 8-7. Street Segment and Intersection Level of Service Deficiencies Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.7.3. Actions Necessary to Maintain LOS Standards Mitigation strategies for LOS-deficient street segments and intersections were developed with consideration for prior planning and policy documents, including: • Port Orchard Six -Year Transportation Improvement Program for 2024-2029; • Port Orchard Transportation Improvement Program for 2030-2043; • Port Orchard Transportation Impact Fee Rate Study 2020 Update; • July 2020 update to the Transportation Element of the Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan; • Bethel Road and Sedgwick Road Corridor Plan (2018); and • SR 16 Tacoma Narrows Bridge to SR 3 Congestion Study (WSDOT 2018). The projects identified in Table 8-18 are necessary to support anticipated growth by maintaining minimum LOS standards through 2044. Several projects reference the multi -phase Bethel/Sedgwick Corridor Improvement project. This project, described in the 2018 Bethel Road and Sedgwick Road Corridor Plan, will provide major capacity, safety, and accessibility improvements to the Bethel Road and Sedgwick Road corridors, bringing both roadways up to urban design standards and supporting multi -model transportation for existing and future development throughout Port Orchard. Cost estimates for the projects were obtained from the Port Orchard Transportation Improvement Program and Transportation Impact Fee Rate study and adjusted for inflation using the National Highway Construction Cost Index. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Table 8-18. Projects Necessary to Maintain LOS Standards Cost ID Project Name Limits Description Estimate (in $$$s)* Projects Necessary to Mitigate Existing LOS Deficiencies 1 Bethel/Sedgwick Bethel Rd Complete street improvements per Corridor Phase 3 (Sedgwick Rd to the Bethel/Sedgwick Corridor Plan. 10,283 Blueberry Rd) 2 Bethel/Sedgwick Bethel Rd Complete street improvements per Corridor Phase 4 (Salmonberry Rd the Bethel/Sedgwick Corridor Plan. 15,445 to Lund Ave) 3 Bethel/Sedgwick Intersection New roundabout halfway between Corridor Phase 2a improvements SR 16 and Bethel Rd. 2,608 4 Port Orchard Blvd Tremont St to Bay Roundabouts at Bay St/PO Blvd & Improvements St (SR 166) Tremont St/PO Blvd; complete 17,977 street improvements on PO Blvd. 5 Old Clifton Rd & SR Intersection New roundabout or traffic signal 16 EB ramps improvements (coordinate with WSDOT). 2,608 6 Tremont St & SR 16 Intersection New roundabout or traffic signal WB ramps improvements (coordinate with WSDOT). 2,608 Projects Necessary to Mitigate 2044 LOS Deficiencies 7 Bethel/Sedgwick Sedgwick Rd (SR Second phase of the street Corridor Phase 2 16 to Bethel Rd) improvements per the 29,443 Bethel/Sedgwick Corridor Plan. 8 Old Clifton Ped/Bike City limit to Separated pathway with lighting Improvements Anderson Hill Rd and shoulder improvements. 5,674 9 Bethel Rd & Intersection New roundabout Salmonberry Rd improvements 6,894 10 Bethel Rd & Intersection New roundabout. Blueberry Rd improvements 5,622 11 Old Clifton Rd & Intersection New roundabout. McCormick Woods Dr improvements 2,692 12 Old Clifton Rd & Intersection New roundabout. Anderson Hill Rd improvements 4,072 13 Old Clifton Rd & Lloyd Intersection New roundabout or traffic signal. Parkway improvements 2,524 14 Sidney Ave Sedgwick Rd to Widen to 3 lanes w/complete street Berry Lk Rd improvements. 13,158 15 Pottery Ave & South Intersection New all -way stop control Kitsap Blvd Improvements 100 Total 121,708 *Cost estimates are expressed in thousands of 2023 dollars. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.8. Transportation Demand Management Travel Demand Management (TDM) is comprised of a broad range of programs, policies, regulations, and in some capital projects that are intended to reduce travel by automobile or to reduce travel in general. For instance, providing preferential parking and/or cost subsidies for carpool users reduces the number of automobiles on the road, while allowing employees to work from home eliminates travel altogether. Some TDM programs are mandated or implemented at the State level, such as Washington's Commute Trip Reduction Act and WSDOT's HOV/Toll Lane Program. Others are regional, including vanpool/rideshare programs administered by transit agencies such as Kitsap Transit. Larger cities have sufficient resources to implement bike share and other capital -intensive programs. Cities like Port Orchard can support state and regional efforts but can have more influence on travel demand through integrated land use and transportation planning that results in compact mixed -use centers with strong internal non -motorized connectivity and access to regional transit. The subarea plans for these centers that follow the adoption of the Comprehensive Plan should include consideration of nonmotorized connectivity standards, a balanced mix of housing, employment, and local services to minimize trips outside of the center. Parking regulations for the centers should consider establishing maximum parking ratios, rather than minimums. Design standards for businesses should include provisions for employees that commute on foot or bicycle and include bicycle storage, changing rooms, and shower facilities. These facilities could be shared in compact or urban village settings. Other TDM actions the City could consider are included in the following section on TDM effectiveness. There is no one size fits all approach, and for the City of Port Orchard, a combination of small actions at the individual development scale will likely be more cost-effective than citywide programs that may be effective in one part of the city and not in another. Large-scale City sponsored programmatic TDM measures should be considered with caution and partnerships with adjacent jurisdictions and regional partners should be pursued instead. 8.8.1. Overview TDM activities produce wide-ranging benefits to individuals and the transportation system as a whole, reducing traffic congestion, vehicle emissions, and fuel consumptions while supporting physical activity and enhanced safety. TDM makes existing transportation investments perform better, extends the life of existing infrastructure, and can improve outcomes for new transportation investments (Regional TDM Action Plan, 2013-2018 — Puget Sound Regional Council). Before presenting some of the key references on TDM effectiveness, some general comments can be made about TDM effectiveness: One Size Does Not Fit All — TDM effectiveness is highly dependent on the application setting, complementary strategies, nature of the travel market segment being targeted, and even the "vigor" with which TDM is implemented and promoted. Unlike many physical improvements, TDM strategies require education and outreach. This is all to say that the transferability of TDM strategy effectiveness Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 is highly dependent on local conditions. Some of the more subjective evaluation findings on why a given TDM initiative was more successful in one location over another are issues such as the presence of a local advocate, a history of alternative transportation, and the appropriate selection of a target market of travelers. There is "no one recipe for success" when it comes to TDM effectiveness, but there are "ingredients" that are correlated to program success. However, correlation does not prove causality. TDM Impacts are Largely Localized —TDM effectiveness is most readily measured at a local level, and this appears to be where the greatest impacts can be found. TDM is applied to specific worksites, developments, employment centers, venues, or activity centers. Localities with well-defined travel markets tend to produce the most readily available and significant impacts. When the impact of TDM at a broader geographic level is sought, for example at the corridor, citywide, or regional level, the localized nature of TDM effectiveness diffuses the results at a broader scale. One study of implementing mandatory trip reduction programs in Minneapolis -St. Paul, MN, with strong parking management in a mixed -use setting, showed that the programs would reduce vehicle trips by 8 to 27 percent at affected worksites translating to only a 2 percent peak period traffic reduction on the adjacent interstate. However, small changes in demand (total demand or the spatial or temporal distribution of travel demand) can significantly affect traffic flow in congested locations and times. Likewise, the benefits of TDM accrue to both those who switch to sustainable modes as well as all travelers, including solo drivers (in terms of reduced delay, improved air quality, safety, etc.). Travelers Respond to Their Wallets — Most evaluation studies point to the overwhelming effectiveness of financial incentives and disincentives to manage demand. At one level, this makes sense as price influences demand in a classic microeconomic analysis. Cordon pricing in London and Stockholm have reduced traffic volumes entering the city center by as much as 20%. Parking pricing is another widely accepted demand management technique. Adding or increasing parking charges at worksites can produce dramatic mode shifts, as reported in Shoup's The High Cost of Free Parking. However, these examples relate to key disincentives to car use. In the U.S., TDM programs focused on modest financial incentives have been highly effective in inducing a shift to more sustainable modes. These incentive programs are often in the form of "Try -It -You'll -Like -It" inducements. For example, the Atlanta Clean Air Campaign's Cash for Commuters offers drive -alone commuters a daily cash incentive ($3/day) for using an alternative mode (carpool, vanpool, transit, bike, walking) for up to 90 days. An independent evaluation showed that the incentive caused 1,800 commuters to switch modes, resulting in 1,300 fewer vehicle trips and 30,000 vehicle -miles traveled (VMT) on the region's highways. More importantly, over 70% of incentive recipients continued their new commute mode after the subsidy lapsed, and half were still using a non -drive alone mode one year later. In the Netherlands, congestion management efforts have resorted to paying commuters to stay off backed - up highways during the peak, so-called Rush Hour Avoidance. Financial levers, even modest amounts, can influence travel behavior in a very significant manner. Parking Influences Travel Choices — Parking management is another widely accepted strategy to effectively change travel behavior, especially mode shift, time shift, and location shift. Parking pricing was mentioned above, but parking supply management can be effective as well. If parking is tight, meaning that all cars cannot be accommodated if everyone drives alone, commuters will adapt by sharing rides, shifting to transit, or even bicycling or walking if the distance allows. One study of Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 developer TDM requirements revealed an 11 to 21 percent reduction in parking demand among worksites with aggressive TDM programs. Travel demand can be influenced by time of day and short - vs. long-term parking rates to reduce travel, including cruising for parking, during congested periods. Packaging is Key — TDM strategies are most effective when packaged into logical, complementary packages to realize synergistic effects. On the other hand, some strategies do not complement one another. One example of an unintended consequence from traditional TDM is flex -time and carpooling. Some employers who implement flex -time strategies as an employee perk or to address congestion at parking entrances have found that this can also serve to discourage ridesharing arrangements, which tend to do better with set work hours. At the same time, flexibility could reduce peak period volumes and improve flow without changing mode split. Looking at some newer strategies, such as high -occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, efficiency improvements can also work to discourage some ridesharing arrangements. HOT lane projects which need to raise vehicle occupancy requirements from 2+ to 3+ to create sufficient capacity to sell may break apart existing two -person carpools who choose to drive alone in the mixed flow lanes rather than pay a toll or find a third rider. Complementary measures can lead to greater results than strategies implemented alone. The effect of many TDM strategies is multiplicative: the impact of any one measure of VMT reduction or mode shift might be modest, but the combined effects of several complementary measures can be substantial. For example, systems management improvements, such as ramp metering, can be complemented with provisions for high -occupancy vehicle (HOV) bypass lanes, employer trip reduction programs in the corridor, and traveler information that includes HOV time savings among the traffic statistics provided. One study concluded that employer TDM programs that combined incentives and improved commute alternatives experienced an average trip reduction of almost 25%, where those implementing incentives alone realized a 16.4% reduction and alternatives alone 8.5%. As one international TDM study put it: "packaged, complementary solutions are usually more effective than a single measure.114 TDM is Not a Solution to All Transportation Problems — TDM can be highly effective at a low cost (relative to capacity improvements) when applied in the right place, at the right time for the right travel market. However, TDM, in and of itself, is not adequate to solve congestion, air quality, energy, and other urban woes. Too often the expectations are unstated or disconnected from allocated resources and incompatible policies (e.g., developers are required to build a minimum number of parking spaces, often offered for free to employees and customers, that serves to generate even more driving). TDM is most effective, or at least most measurable, at the local level. The impact of TDM at a corridor or regional level is very hard to evaluate. Modeling and simulation, such as that done using employer trip reduction data to show the likely impact of TDM on 1-5 in Seattle, suggests that aggressive and relatively widespread TDM programs at a local level can have a measurable and significant impact on a corridor. However, it is very difficult to measure issues of multiple influences, externalities, and causality. This points to the need to combine TDM strategies with smart infrastructure enhancements such as Active Traffic Management (ATM). When efficiency improvements are combined with efforts to reduce peak demand, the greatest impacts can be realized. 4 OECD, Road Travel Demand: Meeting the Challenge, 2002. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Traditional TDM • HOV/HOT/ Managed Lanes • Employer Trip Reduction Programs • Alternative Work Arrangements • School -based Trip Reduction • Event -based Trip Reduction • Recreation -based Trip Reduction • Car -sharing • Vanpool Programs Land Use/Active Transportation • Developer Trip Reduction • Land Use Strategies • Car -free or Access -restricted Zones • Bicycle Facilities and Programs • Pedestrian Facilities and Continuity Transit • Transit Service Improvements • Transit Prioritization/BRT Parking • Parking Information • Parking Supply Management • Parking Pricing Pricing • Cordon Pricing • Congestion Pricing • General Financial Incentives • Vehicle -Miles Traveled (VMT) Tax Systems Management • Ramp Metering • Integrated Corridor Management • Traveler Information • Eco-driving • Traffic Light synchronization • Transit Fare Discounts • Park and Ride Lots Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.8.2. Other Impacts The sections above have discussed the documented impacts of TDM on travel behavior, traffic, and air quality. This section suggests that TDM can have a positive impact on other policy objectives, such as goods movement, land use, livability, and economic development. Unfortunately, very little empirical research exists documenting the impact of TDM strategies toward these policies in a comprehensive, systematic, and comparative manner. As such, individual case studies are summarized below: Goods movement — A strategy of consolidated deliveries has been shown to reduce the number of delivery vehicles, in places like Burgos, Spain, but other impacts have not been documented, such as congestion reduction. A delivery scheme in two French cities, using electric vehicles, reduced related CO2 by 58%. Pricing strategies, on the other hand, have been proven to be quite effective. Truck tolling in Germany has resulted in a small shift from truck to rail and a reduction in empty deadheading trips. Peak period fees at the Port of Los Angeles have reduced congestion in the terminal areas and have reduced midday truck volumes on 1-710. Land use —TDM is often used as a mitigation strategy to reduce the additional trips generated by new development, and success cases revealing trip reductions on the order of 10-25% are fairly abundant. Land use and design issues, as a longer -term strategy, have the potential to increase non -automobile modes, as revealed in comparisons of the mode split between towns with and without good bike, pedestrian, and transit infrastructure. Livability— Measuring the impact of TDM on livability can be a subjective process. But livability might be seen as the product of several other effective roles for TDM, namely reduced congestion, increased safety, improved environment, and healthy economic conditions. Mostly, livability can be associated with increased travel choices, a fundamental purpose of demand management. Economic Development— In mitigating the negative impacts associated with growth (congestion, air pollution, energy consumption, reduced safety), TDM can improve the attractiveness of a region or city to prosper economically. As seen in cases such as Lund, Sweden, and the Sustainable Travel Town pilots in the U.K., economic growth can be decoupled from traffic growth. In Lund, the region grew substantially (population and employment) during a period when TDM was being implemented, reducing VMT by 1-2% overall. The growth in travel demand was met by increases in transit use and bicycling. FHWA-HOP-12-035, INTEGRATING DEMAND MANAGEMENT INTO THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS: A DESK REFERENCE, August 31, 2012 Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.9. Financial Analysis and Concurrency The State of Washington's Growth Management Act (GMA) requires that a jurisdiction's transportation plan contain a funding analysis of the transportation projects it recommends. The analysis should cover funding needs, funding resources, and it should include a multi -year financing plan. The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that each jurisdiction's transportation plan is affordable and achievable. If a funding analysis reveals that a plan is not affordable or achievable, the plan must discuss how additional funds will be raised, or how land use assumptions will be reassessed. The City of Port Orchard is including the financial element in this transportation plan in compliance with the GMA as well as to provide a guide to the City for implementation of this plan. 8.9.1. Federal Transportation Revenue Sources Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, or "Bipartisan Infrastructure Law" (BIL) On November 15, 2021, President Biden signed into law the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, also known as the "Bipartisan Infrastructure Law" (BIL) into law. The BIL authorizes $550 billion over fiscal years 2022 through 2026 in new Federal investment in infrastructure, including in roads, bridges, mass transit, water infrastructure, resilience, and broadband communications. This funding includes $350 billion for highway programs, including over a dozen new highway programs. For more information, visit: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/. Surface Transportation Block Grant Program (STBG) The STBG provides flexible funding that may be used by States and local agencies for projects to preserve and improve the conditions and performance on any Federal -aid highway, bridge, and tunnel projects on any public road, pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and transit capital projects. STBG-eligible projects may be located on any federal —aid highway system facility including the National Highway System (NHS), bridge projects not located on the federal -aid system ("off system bridges"), transit capital projects, modifications of existing public sidewalks to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) regardless of whether the sidewalk is on the federal —aid system right of way, and intracity and intercity bus terminals and facilities. An apportionment of these funds is to be obligated to areas with population greater than 5,000 but no more than 200,000 (the Washington State Office of Financial Management' April 2023 report estimated the 2023 population of Sultan at 6,730). The State is to identify projects in these areas for funding in consultation with regional planning organizations. A portion of the funds are reserved for rural areas and may be spent on the federal -aid functionally classified system including Minor Collectors. Project eligible for funding include all City arterial and collector improvement projects recommended in this Plan. For more information, visit: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/specialfunding/stp/. Transportation Alternatives Program (TA) The BIL continues the Transportation Alternatives set -aside from the STBG program. Eligible uses of the set -aside funds include all projects and activities that were previously eligible under the Transportation Alternatives Program under the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 (MAP-21). This encompasses a variety of smaller -scale transportation projects such as pedestrian and bicycle facilities, recreational trails, safe routes to school projects, community improvements such as historic preservation and vegetation management, and environmental mitigation related to stormwater and habitat connectivity. For more information, visit: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/ta.cfm. Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) The BIL continues the HSIP to achieve significant reductions in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads, including non -State-owned public roads and roads on tribal lands. The BIL maintains the previous FAST Act definition of highway safety improvement projects and adds under that definition several additional types of projects: • Intersection safety that provide for the safety of all road users, as appropriate, including multimodal roundabouts; • Construction and improvement of a railway -highway grade crossing safety feature, including installation of protective devices or a grade separation project; • Construction or installation of features, measures, and road designs to calm traffic and reduce vehicle speeds; • Installation or upgrades of traffic control devices for pedestrians and bicyclists including pedestrian hybrid beacons and the addition of bicycle movement phases to traffic signals; • Roadway improvements that provide separation between motor vehicles and bicyclists, including medians, pedestrian crossing islands, protected bike lanes, and protected intersection features; and • Pedestrian security features designed to slow or stop a motor vehicle. For more information, visit: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/hsip.cfm. Recreational Trails Program (RTP) The BIL reauthorized the Recreational Trails Program (RTP) for Federal fiscal years 2022 through 2026 as a set -aside of funds from the Transportation Alternatives (TA) Set -Aside under STBG. The Recreational Trail Program provides funds to develop and maintain recreational trails for motorized and nonmotorized travel. For more information, visit: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/recreational trails/ . Safe Routes to School Program (SRTS) The purpose of the Safe Routes to Schools (SRTS) program is to provide K-12 students a safe, healthy alternative to riding the bus or being driven to school. Organized by the USDOT and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), this federal program also includes a Washington state funded portion that provides funding for engineering and construction, education efforts and enforcement activities within two miles of schools. There is no match requirement. Projects are to be submitted as complete projects and fully funded. For more information, visit: https://wsdot.wa.gov/business- wsdot/support-local-programs/funding-programs/safe-routes-school-program. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 Bridge Investment Program (BIP) The BIL authorized the Bridge Investment Program, a competitive, discretionary program that focuses on existing bridges to reduce the overall number of bridges in poor condition, or in fair condition at risk of falling into poor condition. It also expands applicant eligibilities to create opportunity for all levels of government to be direct recipients of program funds. Alongside states and federal lands management agencies, metropolitan planning organizations and local and tribal governments can also apply directly to FHWA, making it easier to advance projects at the local level that meet community needs. For more information, visit: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure- law/bip factsheet.cfm. Railway -Highway Crossings Program (RHCP) The BIL continues the Railway -Highway Crossings Program (RHCP), which provides funds for safety improvements to reduce the number of fatalities, injuries, and crashes at public railway -highway grade crossings. Funds may be used to install or upgrade protective devices at railroad crossings, including gates, pedestrian crossings, signal systems, and signing. Funds may also be used to eliminate grade crossings by closing them or providing grade separation. For more information, visit https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/nccp.cfm. 8.9.2. Washington State Transportation Revenue Services The Washington State Transportation Improvement Board (TIB) provides funding to foster investment in quality local government transportation projects. The TIB distributes grant funding from revenue generated by three cents of the State's gas tax to cities and counties for funding transportation projects. TIB administers several funding programs, each with its own set of criteria used to facilitate project selection. The project selection process for all programs is completed annually. The TIB programs are summarized below. TIB Urban Programs The TIB provides funding to cities within federally designated urban areas with a population greater than 5,000. For jurisdictions of this size, four state -funded grant programs are administered through TIB: • Urban Arterial Program (UAP) for road projects for urban agency construction projects that address safety, growth & development, physical condition, mobility, sustainability and constructability criteria; • Active Transportation Program (ATP) for projects which improve pedestrian and cyclist safety, enhance pedestrian and cyclist mobility and connectivity, or improve the condition of existing facilities; • Arterial Preservation Program (APP) to address declining street conditions for medium sized cities through overlay of federally classified arterial streets; • Complete Streets Award is a funding opportunity for local governments that have an adopted Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 complete streets ordinance. TIB Urban Program projects require financial participation by the local agency. Minimum local match requirements range from 10% to 20% depending on the assessed value of the local agency. Local match is typically a mixture of private and public funds. Projects are selected annually using a rating system based on criteria developed by TIB. TIB awards more than $70 million to new projects each year. The Snohomish County Tomorrow 2023 Growth Monitoring Report identified Sultan as one of Snohomish County's 11 "Cities and Towns," with a 2023 population estimate of 6,727. The City is eligible to compete for TIB Urban Program funds. For more information, visit: http://www.tib.wa.gov/grants/grants.cfm. Several other programs are administered by TIB including: • Route Jurisdiction Transfer Program (RJT) reviews petitions from cities, counties or WSDOT for additions of deletions from the state highway system. • Route Transfer Program (RTP) provides funding to offset extraordinary costs associated with the transfer of state highways to cities. Local Bridge Program This local bridge program includes funding from the NHPP and STBG for both on- and off -system bridges. Its purpose is to improve the condition of bridges through replacement, rehabilitation, and preventive maintenance. In 2023, the program awarded approximately $150 million in funding. For more information, visit: https://wsdot.wa.gov/business-wsdot/support-local-programs/funding- programs/local-bridge-program. Move Ahead Washington Railroad Crossing Program The Move Ahead Washington Railroad Crossing Grant Program provides up to $5 million in state funds to match federal funds for city and county projects which eliminate at -grade highway -rail crossings. For more information, visit: https://wsdot.wa.gov/business-wsdot/support-local- programs/funding-programs/move-ahead-washington-railroad-crossing-program. County Safety Program The County Safety program provides funding for projects that reduce fatal and serious injury crashes on county roads using engineering improvements/countermeasures. Projects are identified through each county's local road safety plan, that identifies and prioritizes projects based on the top crash type(s) in the county. Projects can be at intersection(s), spot or mid -block location(s), and/or on corridor(s) throughout a county or over wide areas within a county. For more information, visit: https://wsdot.wa.gov/business-wsdot/support-local-programs/funding-programs/highway-safety- im provement-program. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 City Safety Program The City Safety program provides funding for projects that reduce fatal and serious injury crashes on city/town streets and state highways using engineering improvements/countermeasures. For more information, visit: https://wsdot.wa.gov/business-wsdot/support-local-programs/funding- programs/highway-safety-improvement-program. The Pedestrian & Bicycle Safety Program The Pedestrian & Bicycle Safety Program was initiated to reduce the nearly 400 statewide fatal and injury collisions involving pedestrians and bicycles each year. Similar to the federal Safe Routes to School Program, the purpose of the program is to aid public agencies in funding cost effective projects that improve pedestrian and bicycle safety through engineering, education and enforcement. For more information, visit: https://wsdot.wa.gov/business-wsdot/support-local-programs/funding- programs/pedestrian-bicycle-program. 8.9.3. Local Transportation Revenue Services Street Fund The Street Fund for the City is comprised of revenue from the motor vehicle excise fuel tax and a portion of property tax revenue. It is allocated to the City based on the number of residents within the corporate limits. These funds can be used only for road projects. Current Expense The City has supplemented the Street Fund with Current Expense money in previous years. Current Expense funds have many sources including business taxes, local retail sales and use tax, property taxes, and motor vehicle excise tax. Transportation Impact Fee Program In 2015 the City adopted a transportation impact fee, a financing tool which allows the collection of revenue to offset the traffic impacts of new development. The impact fee rate is based the net new PM peak hour trips generated by a development and is $6,063.94 per vehicle trip. Transportation Benefit District The City has established a Transportation Benefit District (TBD), an independent taxing district which is authorized to raise revenue for the preservation, maintenance, operation, and construction of transportation infrastructure. The TBD currently imposes a $20 vehicle license fee and a 0.1 percent sales tax. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.9.4. Revenue Forecast The projected revenues for the City's Street Operation and Street Capital funds are shown in Table 8- 19. The Transportation Benefit District and Transportation Impact Fees are expected to fund approximately 40 percent of capital improvements. An additional 8 percent of Transportation Capital Facilities Plan improvement funding is anticipated to come from SEPA mitigation fees, developer contributions and transfers in from other funding sources. The remainder of the Transportation Capital Facilities Plan will be funded by through grants and appropriations as needed. This strategy ensures that the City can accomplish the transportation plan and use the available funding options efficiently. The revenue forecast described in this section was prepared by projecting historical trends from the City's financial records. Table 8-19. Transportation Revenue Forecast. 2024 to 2044 Funding Source Description Revenue Forecast, Revenue Forecast, 2025-2044 ($) 2025-2044 (%) Street Operating Fund - Unrestricted Transportation $20 license fee $12,174,000 17.9% Benefit District (TBD) Licenses &Permits Right of way encroachment $200,000 0.3% permit fees Intergovernmental City Share of motor vehicle $6,473,000 9.5/0 Revenue fuel tax (MVFT) Fees for services rendered by Charges for Services transportation operations $440,000 0.6% staff including plan review and construction inspection Other sources of unrestricted Miscellaneous revenue (Property Tax $38,570,000 56.8% Allocated) Transfers to support Transfers/Other transportation operations, $10,000,000 14.7% maintenance and administration TOTAL - Street Operating Fund 67,857,000 100% Street Capital Fund - Restricted Transportation o 0.1/o sales tax $6,669,252 0 5./05 Benefit District (TBD) Transportation Fee per new vehicle trip $42,320,000 34.8% Impact Fee (TIF) Intergovernmental Grants &direct appropriations $62,218,748 51.1% Revenue Miscellaneous SEPA Mitigation fees, $500,000 0.4% developer contributions Transfers In Transfers to support capital $10,000,000 8.2% projects TOTAL - Street Capital Fund $121,708,000 100% Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.9.4. Capital Costs for Recommended Improvements Previous sections in this Element identified transportation capital improvement projects necessary to achieve the City's nonmotorized system vision and to maintain intersection and street segment Levels of Service through 2044, serving existing residents and businesses while supporting anticipated housing and employment growth. The total estimated cost of identified nonmotorized improvement projects is $209,290,000, and the total estimated cost of identified street segment and intersection capacity improvement projects is $121,708,000. These project lists contain significant overlap, with multiple projects serving both nonmotorized system vision and street segment or intersection capacity needs. The combined cost of the recommended transportation capital improvement projects, excluding duplicate projects, is $238,918,000. 8.9.5. Summary of Costs and Revenues Based on the revenues and costs listed above, the City's expected revenues are sufficient to support the projects required to maintain minimum street segment and intersection LOS standards through 2044. Additional revenue will need to be secured to fund proposed projects which provide nonmotorized improvements beyond maintaining minimum LOS standards. Table 8-20 summarizes the costs and revenues analyzed in the Transportation Element. The revenue forecast described herein assumes no additional debt issuances. However, if federal and state grant revenues fall short of the stated forecast, additional debt may be necessary to fully fund the transportation capital improvement project list. Table 8-20. Summary of Capital Costs and Revenues Category Total, 2025-2044 Projected Revenues $130,401,000 Predictable sources $59,489,252 Grant and other sources $70,911,748 Projected Expenditures $238,918,000 Street and Intersection Capacity Improvements $121,708,000 Nonmotorized-Only Improvements* $117,210,000 *Cost of remaining nonmotorized improvements which do not overlap with street and intersection capacity improvement projects In the event of a revenue shortfall, Port Orchard will need to reassess its projects transportation expenditures. Reassessment strategies may include reducing Level of Service standards or imposing a development moratorium until adequate transportation funding can be secured to maintain adopted LOS standards. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.10 Intergovernmental Coordination The City of Port Orchard works to maintain positive relationships with neighboring jurisdictions, regional agencies and service providers, and state and federal governments. The City has a shared interest and concern in maintaining a vital local and regional economy, and a high quality of life for its citizens, which depend on transportation mobility across jurisdiction boundaries. The City has agreements in place that demonstrate its active commitment to working with Kitsap County, other regional partners and state and federal agencies to address transportation issues, share information and solve problems. The development and ongoing monitoring of the City's Comprehensive Plan demonstrates that commitment. The Growth Management Act requires that plans between neighboring jurisdictions maintain a level of consistency through coordination of planning efforts. Increasingly, Port Orchard's transportation system functions as an integral part of a larger regional system — of roadways, transit routes, park and ride lots, ferry routes, and non -motorized facilities that allow walking and/or biking the first and final mile and making connections in-between. The development of this Plan depended on land use forecasts provided by the Puget Sound Regional Council. Coordination efforts are expected to be ongoing with: • Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) on the recommended revisions to the City's Roadway Functional Classification System, the addition of new truck routes to the state Freight and Goods Transportation System (FGTS), and needed improvements on designated State Routes within the city; • Kitsap Transit on Transportation Demand Management activities by major employment sites, providing access to ferry and transit facilities and services, and on maintaining and expanding transit service quality within the City; • Kitsap County to address the needs of travel across jurisdiction limits, including mitigating the impacts of land use development outside the City, providing for needed street improvements in annexation areas, and furthering the expansion of the regional non - motorized trail system. Lastly, the City anticipates a certification review of this Comprehensive Transportation Plan Element by the Puget Sound Regional Council to ensure its conformity with the adopted regional VISION 2050 plan. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.1 1 Equity Framework for Transportation Planning 8.1 1.1 Vision Statement Port Orchard is committed to identifying and prioritizing transportation projects of benefit to disadvantaged populations and traditionally underserved communities, especially communities of color, populations with limited English proficiency, low-income communities, and persons with disabilities. 8.11.2. Equity Goals The City aims to eliminate structural inequities in overburdened communities who have experienced disproportionate environmental, health, and mobility impacts and prioritize these populations for equitable distribution of transportation resources and benefits. The City will prioritize equity in transportation planning by ensuring that policies and programs are developed with an equity lens to eliminate disparities in transportation safety, access, and mobility. See Goals T-9 and T-10. 8.11.3. Community Engagement The City will engage its overburdened and disadvantaged populations through meaningful and inclusive public participation processes to reach people of color, low-income groups, persons with disabilities/disability service providers, and populations with limited English proficiency. It will also engage community members who depend on walking, bicycling, public transit or other assisted modes of transportation for trips to daily destinations. 8.1 1.4. Transportation Equity Impact Assessment There is no single tool, dataset, or method for integrating equity considerations into transportation planning. In the context of transportation, equity needs identification frequently focuses on system deficiencies (such as level of service mitigation) or geographic dispersion and can overlook the needs of specific underserved populations. Current best practices recommend engaging multiple perspectives to first understand a community's existing demographics and inequities and then identify and prioritize projects to address them. According to the US Census Bureau's 2022 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates, the City of Port Orchard has the following demographic trends relative to Washington State as a whole: • Poverty: 12.1% of the population meets the poverty threshold, which is higher than 10.3% statewide. • Language: 9.7% of homes have a language spoken other than English, which is lower than 21.5% statewide. • Persons of Color: Port Orchard includes small numbers of Hispanic or Latino, Asian, Black or African American, and American Indian and Alaska Native, people of two or more races, or some other race (comparison to statewide unavailable). • Older Population by Age: 14.2% of the population is 65 years and older, which is lower than 17.1% statewide. • Disability: 12.4% of the population has a disability, which is less than 13.9% statewide. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 • Veteran Status: 15.9% of the population are veterans. This is more than double than 7.6% statewide. Another source of information is the Puget Sound Regional Council's (PSRC) Opportunity Mapping Report, that identifies Port Orchard census tracts with a transportation opportunity score of "low" or "very low" as compared to the PSRC regional average for presence of and access to resources. Yet another source of information is the Washington Environmental Health Disparities Map produced by the WA State Department of Health. The tool estimates cumulative environmental health impact scores for each census tract reflecting pollutant exposures and factors that affect people's vulnerability to environmental pollution. Nineteen "vulnerability" factors inform the cumulative index score and include socioeconomic factors of race/ethnicity, population living in poverty, primary language other than English, and transportation expense, among other factors. According to this equity index, census tract 53035092200 which includes downtown Port Orchard ranks a 7 out of 10 overall, 8 out of 10 for the Socioeconomic factors' subgroup, and 8 out of 10 for population living in poverty (5185% of federal poverty level). These demographics indicate underserved populations exist in Port Orchard and transportation project selection and prioritization should include considerations for the transportation needs for these vulnerable groups across Port Orchard, particularly in census tract 53035092200. 8.11.7. Regular Review and Reporting The City commits to reviewing the equity impact assessment tools, data, and methods it employs to ensure equity considerations remain relevant and integral to the comprehensive planning process with respect to transportation planning. Documentation of ADA Transition Plan barrier removal is one such form of reporting that is recommended on an annual basis. 8.12. Transportation Goal and Policies The transportation goal and policies described below establish the vision for this Transportation Element and support the overall vision of the Comprehensive Plan. These goals and policies are organized under the categories local and regional transportation planning, supporting the economy, protecting the environment, and facilitating innovation. These policies are consistent with the Puget Sound Regional Council (PSRC) VISION 2050 Multicounty Planning Policies. Goal: The City of Port Orchard has a sustainable, equitable, affordable, safe, and efficient multimodal transportation system that promotes vitality of the economy, environment, and health. 8.12.1. Local and Regional Transportation Planning T-1 Maintain and operate transportation systems to provide safe, efficient, and reliable movement of people goods, and services. T-2 Protect the investment in the existing system and lower overall lifecycle costs through • Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 effective maintenance and preservation programs. T-3 Reduce the need for new capital improvements through investments in operations, pricing programs, demand management strategies, and system management activities that improve the efficiency of the current system. T-4 Improve the safety of the transportation system and, in the long term, achieve the state's goal of zero deaths and serious injuries. T-5 Develop a transportation system that minimizes negative impacts to, and promotes, human health. T-6 Pursue alternative transportation financing methods such as user fees, tolls, and other pricing mechanisms to fund the maintenance, improvement, preservation, and operation of the transportation system. T-7 Fund, complete, and operate the highly efficient, multimodal system described in the Comprehensive Plan. Coordinate with WSDOT, regional, and nearby local agencies, in collaboration with the state legislature, to build the multimodal system. T-8 Strategically expand capacity and increase efficiency of the transportation system to move goods, services, and people throughout Port Orchard. Focus on investments that produce the greatest net benefits to people and minimize the environmental impacts of transportation. T-9 Implement transportation programs and projects that provide access to opportunities while preventing or mitigating negative impacts to people of color, people with low incomes, and people with special transportation needs. T-10 Ensure mobility choices for people with special transportation needs, including persons with disabilities, seniors, youth, and people with low incomes. T-11 Design, construct, and operate a safe and convenient transportation system for all users while accommodating the movement of freight and goods, using best practices and context sensitive design strategies. T-12 Emphasize transportation investments that provide and encourage alternatives to single - occupancy vehicle travel and increase travel options. T-13 Increase the proportion of trips made by transportation modes that are alternatives to driving alone by ensuring availability of reliable and competitive transit options. T-14 Integrate transportation systems to make it easy for people and freight to move from one mode or technology to another. T-15 Prioritize investments in transportation facilities and services in the urban growth area that support compact, pedestrian- and transit -oriented densities and development. T-16 Improve local street patterns — including their design and how they are used — for walking, bicycling, and transit use to enhance communities, connectivity, and physical activity. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 T-17 Promote and incorporate bicycle and pedestrian travel as important modes of transportation by providing facilities and navigable connections, including connected and protected bike and pedestrian pathways where contextually appropriate. T-18 Promote coordination with developers to ensure that mixed -use developments are designed in a way that improves overall mobility and accessibility to and within such development. T-19 Design transportation facilities to fit within the context of the built or natural environments in which they are located. 8.12.2. Supporting the Economy T-20 Make transportation investments that improve economic and living conditions so that industries and skilled workers continue to be retained and attracted to Port Orchard. T-21 Improve key facilities connecting Port Orchard to the regional transportation network to support the economic vitality of the city. T-22 Ensure the freight system supports the growing needs of global trade and state, regional and local distribution of goods and services. T-23 Maintain and improve the existing multimodal freight transportation system in the region to increase reliability, efficiency, and mobility, and prepare for continuing growth in freight and goods movement. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024 8.12.3. Protecting the Environment T-24 Provide infrastructure sufficient to support widespread electrification of the transportation system. T-25 Advance the resilience of the transportation system by incorporating redundancies, preparing for disasters and other impacts, and coordinated planning for system recovery. T-26 Reduce stormwater pollution from transportation facilities and improve fish passage, through retrofits and updated design standards. Where feasible, integrate with other improvements to achieve multiple benefits and cost efficiencies. 8.12.4. Facilitating Innovation T-27 Prepare for changes in transportation technologies and mobility patterns, to support Port Orchard with a sustainable and efficient transportation system. T-28 Be responsive to changes in mobility patterns and needs for both people and goods, and encourage partnerships with the private sector, where applicable. Port Orchard Comprehensive Plan I December 2024