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EN ES FR the efender CHILDREN'S HEALTH DEFENSE NEWS & VIEWS The Defender COVID Health Conditions February 1, 2024 > Big Chemical > News BIG CHEMICAL Toxic Exposures Censorship/Surveillanc Fluoride Expert Squares Off Against EPA on Day 1 of Landmark Trial After a nearly four-year delay, federalJudge Edward Chen on Wednesday heard opening statements in a lawsuit seeking to compel the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to prohibit water fluoridation in the U.S. due to fluoride's toxic effects on children's developing brains. by Brenda Baletti, Ph.D. FEBRUARY 1, 2024 We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy 8976 PAGEVIEWS 26 Editor's note: The Defender is providing daily updates on the landmark trial that started Jan. 31 pitting Fluoride Action Network against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency taking place in San Francisco, beginning Feb. 1. After a nearly four-year delay, federal Judge Edward Chen on Wednesday heard opening statements in a lawsuit seeking to compel the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to prohibit water fluoridation in the U.S. due to fluoride's toxic effects on children's developing brains. Food and Water Watch sued the EPA in 2017 — after the agency denied its petition to end water fluoridation under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). This week's trial is the first to challenge the dismissal of such a petition. Other plaintiffs include Fluoride Action Network (FAN), Moms Against Fluoridation and other advocacy groups and individuals. Fluoride's neurotoxic effects on children's brain development were not in dispute during opening statements and in testimony delivered by the plaintiffs' first expert witness, Dr. Howard Hu, an internist and preventive medicine specialist, with a doctoral degree in epidemiology. Instead, attorneys for both sides faced off over the question of what level of fluoride in the water supply poses a risk to the developing brain of fetuses and children. Levels of fluoride found in drinking water in the U.S. are typically 0.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L), which is lower than the 1.5 mg/L levels found to be neurotoxic by the key reports discussed in the trial. Attorneys for FAN argued that according to the EPA's own guidelines for chemical risk evaluation — which they allege the EPA is failing to implement — fluoridating water at a dose that is so close to a known hazard level is too risky, especially given that children are exposed to fluoride from other sources in their daily lives. They also argued the EPA's failure to follow its own guidelines is unprecedented. The agency bans other regulated toxic chemicals, such as methylene chloride or trichloroethylene at levels much lower than the known hazard level to ensure the chemicals won't pose a risk to human health. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy The EPA argued there is no compelling evidence that fluoride is a neurotoxin at the current levels used for fluoridation in the U.S. and that therefore water fluoridation doesn't pose a risk to children. Over two hundred million Americans drink fluoridated water, a practice that has been backed by public health officials and dental associations for decades. If Chen decides fluoride poses an unreasonable risk, the EPA will have to revisit its rules on water fluoridation. RFK Jr. and Brian Hooker's New Book: "Vax-Unvax" Vaz-Unvaz SCIENCE SPEAN Epun�nedY Jr. pnEe � Bria�°°pc. Fluoride regulation 'long overdue' Wednesday's trial was picked after a June 2020 ruling by Chen that placed the trial on hold pending the release of the National Toxicology Program's (NTP) report on the link between fluoride exposure and neurodevelopment effects. The report was released in draft form under court order in March 2023, after top public health officials at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) tried for almost a year to block its publication. The NTP report concluded that fluoride exposure at levels equivalent to 1.5 mg/L is associated with lower IQ in children. The second phase of the trial is scheduled to take place over nine days at the federal courthouse in San Francisco, with a Zoom feed available for up to 1,000 viewers to watch live. FAN member Clint Griess told The Defender that fluoride regulation was long overdue, but he had confidence Chen was carefully considering the science. He said: "This 1nhase of the triall is long overdue_ We won after the first trial in my onininn_ The We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy "Here we are in 2024, and we are still delaying and denying justice to millions of Americans. I'm very glad we are finally here and our lawyers are doing a great job. And I have every confidence that we will be victorious." EPA must apply its own guidelines to fluoride In his opening arguments, the plaintiffs' attorney Michael Connett told the court it faced an issue of national importance, "whether the widespread addition of fluoride to water presents a risk of neurodevelopmental harm to children, including IQ loss." The EPA faced a similar question in the 1 970s, he said, when it had to address the question of adding lead to gasoline. The EPA was in a quandary, he said, because, at the time, there was no clear evidence that lead was damaging at the levels used. But the EPA decided the margin between the hazard level and the exposure level posed too great a risk — leading the agency to outlaw lead in gasoline. Connett said that properly applying the EPA's risk assessment framework for existing chemicals under TSCA is at the heart of the decision the court is facing regarding water fluoridation. During the first part of the trial in 2020, the agency used the wrong standard to assess the evidence, he said, holding the plaintiffs to a burden of proof the EPA had never held anyone else. Connett said: "What you see in this trial is the clash of fundamentally different paradigms. On one hand, you have the sort of 70 -year -old longstanding approach by the CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] and dental interests where basically it's not a risk until you prove beyond a reasonable doubt that 0.7 [mg/L] fluoride water is causing harm, and that's been their approach. "But that's not how the EPA does business. They use risk assessment. And we are in a position where the plaintiffs are the ones explaining how the EPA is supposed to do risk assessment." We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy Connett said there are two types of risk. The first is when human exposure exceeds the hazard risk, but that is very rare. For example, the EPA didn't have that type of data when it decided to ban lead in gasoline. Then, he said, there is inferred risk, where exposure is lower than the hazard level. This scenario focuses on whether that margin between hazard and exposure may put some people at risk. TSCA mandates the EPA protect the most susceptible people from risk, he said. The EPA typically requires a margin of 30 -fold to determine whether something has a risk. However, some are much higher — for example, tetrachloroethylene is banned at levels 89 times lower than the hazard level, and methylene chloride exposure is not allowed at levels 27 times lower. In this case, he said, rather than inferring risk as it ought to, the EPA is requiring a risk hazard at the exposure level, which for fluoride is 0.7 mg/L. Connett outlined the evidence the plaintiffs will present. It includes undisputed evidence that fluoride passes through the placenta and gets into the fetal brain. FAN also will present data from animal studies and human studies, including the NTP report at the center of the trial. "The NTP found that a large number of studies have been published on fluoride and human IQ. In total, they identified 72 human studies, of which 64 found a connection between fluoride and IQ deficiency. Of the 19 highest quality studies, 18 found lowered IQ, a 95% consistency," he said. Connett introduced the first witnesses, Hu and Dr. Bruce Lanphear, professor of health sciences at Canada's Simon Fraser University. Connett also previewed evidence the EPA would introduce to attempt to show fluoride is not neurotoxic at low levels, namely a study conducted in coastal Spain by Jesus Ibarluzea, Ph.D., and published in 2022 after the NTP finished its systematic review. That study did not find evidence that fluoride is neurotoxic at low levels. Instead, it found fluoride increased IQ for boys by 15 points — a finding Connett called "implausible." Connett told The Defender, "The EPA has never applied the principles of risk assessment to fluoridation and this case is finally getting them to confront the principles on this issue." We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy MAP, Chen pushed back on EPA during opening comments In its opening statement, the EPA argued that anything can be toxic at high levels. The agency's attorney laid out the EPA's core argument that there is not enough data showing fluoride's neurotoxicity at low levels present in drinking water and the law requires a "preponderance of evidence" of risk. He highlighted a line in the NTP report indicating that more studies at lower exposure levels were needed to fully understand the potential associations with neurotoxicity. Chen paused the remarks to ask the EPA to confirm the NTP report did establish that with moderate confidence that fluoride caused neurotoxicity at 1.5 mg/L, a relatively low level, which the EPA attorney confirmed. "Do you disagree with the NTP's use of 1.5 [mg/L as a hazard level]?" Chen asked. The EPA's lawyer said they did not. The EPA also argued that TSCA says "must be a preponderance of the evidence that the chemical substance presents an unreasonable risk." According to the EPA, studies of fluoride's neurotoxicity at low levels have mixed findings some show there are statistically significant adverse effects at low levels and others found there are not. Given that, EPA's attorneys argued the data is "too inconsistent" to conclude that low-level fluoride exposure presents an unreasonable risk. Chen interrupted the opening comments again to ask whether, as the plaintiffs argued, that uncertainty is precisely what should inform the discussion of risk. "If the outcome wasn't lowered IQ but cancer or death," he asked, "would that change things?" The EPA closed by telling the judge that what matters for TSCA is whether 0.7 mg/L presents an unreasonable risk. Chen pushed back again, "Shouldn't we consider that in context," he asked, because fluoride exposure occurs through sources other than water? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy 'The evidence is quite persuasive' The first witness, Dr. Howard Hu, an environmental epidemiologist and chair of the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California took the stand yesterday to begin the trial's deep dive into the science. Hu has authored more than 300 papers in peer -reviewed journals and published several studies on fluoride. He also advises the EPA and collaborates with its scientists on issues related to lead exposure. In 1993, Hu co-founded the ELEMENT research project, a pregnancy and birth cohort funded by the EPA and the National Institutes of Health and used to study how prenatal exposure to environmental toxins, including lead, mercury and fluoride affects children's neurodevelopment. In such cohorts, researchers collect epidemiological data during pregnancy and then from children over their lifetimes to study a variety of health outcomes tied to environmental exposures. More recently at San Diego, Hu analyzed data on fluoride and neurotoxicity from the MADRES cohort, comprised of Los Angeles County residents, largely Latino. That research is not yet published. Hu testified about his research, which consistently finds a link between fluoride and lowered IQ in children. One of his fluoride studies examined the ELEMENT cohort and found that prenatal levels of fluoride that appeared in maternal urine predicted offspring intelligence scores at ages 4 and 12, with IQ levels lower with incremental increases in maternal fluoride levels. A second paper expanded the analysis of the 2017 paper and made similar findings. Hu said the neurotoxic effects of fluoride were the strongest in the nonverbal domains, which he said is similar to lead. Hu also addressed other cohort studies that have different findings, such as the MIREC study in Canada or the Danish study referred to as Odense where the research was conducted, which Hu also used in some of his research. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy Hu told the court that different sexes and demographics can have different life experiences that can account for different outcomes. Overall, he said, his research supports the idea that fluoride at current exposure levels in drinking water is toxic. Hu also discussed his concerns about the Spanish study the EPA is using as a basis to argue fluoride is not toxic at low levels. He testified it did not control for seafood consumption, which creates high levels of fluoride exposure. He testified it did not control for seafood consumption by pregnant mothers, which creates high levels of fluoride exposure and also has been shown to confer IQ benefits, so it could be a confounding factor in an analysis. He also criticized the EPA's opening statements. He said the EPA was presenting data as black and white. Epidemiology, he said, is moving away from characterizing things in that way. Even when a study, like the Danish Odense study, is "negative," as the EPA put it, the data in the study can indicate a more nuanced reality. On cross-examination, the EPA asked Hu to concede that the Spanish study was well done. Hu agreed but said he had serious reservations about it, which he had previously discussed. The EPA also challenged the work he did with Grandjean reporting the Danish study. The results of the Danish study, which did not identify neurotoxic effects, were only published in 2023 as part of a "pooled" study where he and his colleagues used the Danish, Mexican and Canadian data to characterize the dose -effect of fluoride exposure, which the EPA's lawyer implied was a form of selectively reporting results. Hu told the court combining the studies increased the power of the analysis and the ability of the research to address questions of public health. After his testimony, Hu told journalist Derrick Broze, "The evidence is quite persuasive that there is a negative impact of fluoride exposure on the neurodevelopment of children." We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy Derrick Broze O x @DBrozeLiveFree • Follow Yes, There is an Association Between Higher Fluoride Exposure & Lower IQ in Children Dr. Hu: "Yes. I would say that, in my view, the evidence is quite persuasive that there is a negative impact of fluoride exposure on the neurodevelopment of children." odysee.com/@theconsciousr... Watch on X 8:38 PM • Jan 31, 2024 r 167 + Reply T Share Read 9 replies Brenda Baletti, Ph.D. Brenda Baletti, Ph.D., is a senior reporter for The Defender. She wrote and taught about capitalism and politics for 10 years in the writing program at Duke University. She holds a Ph.D. in human geography from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a master's from the University of Texas at Austin. [8] We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy SUGGEST A CORRECTION SHARE ARTICLE Get The Defender delivered to your inbox. No paywall. No ads. Just the uncensored news. First Name.. Last Name.. Email.. SIGN UP We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy Children's Health Defense Comment Policy We welcome relevant and respectful comments. Off -topic comments Got it may be removed. Please read our Comment Policy before commenting. 26 Comments GJoin the discussion... 0 Loginv LOG IN WITH OR SIGN UP WITH DISQUS ? Name d 2 Share Best Newest Oldest susanVawn 6 months ago I■ As a grad student at UNC school of public health 24 years ago, I spent 4 months researching the safety or adverse effects and the propaganda promoting the practice of community water fluoridation. As part of my research, I looked at the levels of fluoride that were actually reported in the water in my community over a period of several months. Even though the alleged optimal amount for our climate at the time was considered by the CDC to be 0.8 ppm, our state went with 1 ppm as the amount to add. Despite that excessive goal, the reports showed that the actual amount in our water ranged from 1 to 1.5 and sometimes we even more. I also had a conversation with Researcher Phyllis Mullinex who had done studies at Harvard showing that 1 ppm fluoride in water was neurotoxic. She told me that this research had been blocked from publication in medical journals. Also at the time I was researching it had been discovered that infant formulas had very high levels of fluoride abd the companies were being required or pressured to lower those amounts. But the point is if parents are mixing powdered formula with already fluoridated water, how much are those babies ingesting? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy H v 0 Nod + susanVawn _ 6 months ago — 1■ Good on you. We are the original oppositionally defiant to the poisonings the masses. The EPA pretends FLOURIDE is safe and effective when ingested orally, when it is absolutely NOT. 3 0 Reply L holisticpoet — I` 6 months ago Knowing what we know about how similar government agencies have not only manipulated data, but have outright lied over and over about "safe and effective," how can anyone give credence to an agency that does make it the utmost of importance to protect our children and thus our society from any potential hazard? For me the answer seems obvious. What are they going to do with all this toxic waste called fluoride if they cannot dispose of it through human consumption? Humanity is at a crossroads where we will do what is best for all of us, or we will do what is best for the few and collapse because we took the road of destruction. 12 0 Reply L JoJo 6 months ago — I+ In section 3.2.2.B of the following 2016 paper (https://sciendo.com/article..., I showed how EPA dealt with staff who exposed the truth about fluoride. EPA, CDC, FDA, et al, have blood on their hands because of actions they didn't take to protect the American people from exposure to harmful toxicants. 8 0 Reply I* L lakewoodsteve JoJo — I` 6 months ago How do you think the iatrogenic death could reach *40 million+ in just the last 50 years if the EPA CDC HHH, proted people, instead their coconspiters, big pharma? [*according to Dr. Null's book, Death by Medicine!] 3 0 Reply L ksmZ2Z2Z + JoJo 6 months ago I'd like to rPari hi it vni it link cavc "nn P not fni inri" I■ We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy Try this: https://sciendo.com/article... 1 0 Reply L 0 Ted — I` _ 6 months ago I wonder who is selling the fluoride to the government. I have a feeling the whole issue really revolves around that. 6 0 Reply L BBill Ted — 6 months ago Are you sitting down. Most of it comes from China. 3 0 Reply L lakewoodsteve -+ Ted — l` 6 months ago It revolves around money and power, Government uses it's power to advance and protect the industrial complex! And to hell with anyone getting in the way! 3 0 Reply L Avata This comment was deleted. 0 MOLLY29 '1 Guest — l` _ 6 months ago you nailed it. this is a crime against humanity 1 0 Reply L Ted '4 Guest l` 6 months ago Unbelievable! Thanks for sharing. 0 0 Reply L drw22 l' 6 months ago Babies can easily end up with toxic levels if their mother is reconstituting baby formula with We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy 0 Southern Style — i` _ 6 months ago A number of years ago I worked at a water filtration plant. The Fluoride used there came from China and was clearly marked "POISON", it was the only chemical added to drinking water that required the use of a respirator and thick rubber gloves. 4 0 Reply I W Bella_Fantasia 4 Southern Style — 6 months ago Why don't people believe this? Normalcy bias? The images of fluoride packages labeled "poison" with skull and crossbones have been scrubbed from search engines. 0 0 Reply L Southern Style 4 Bella_Fantasia — 6 months ago Hope that helps, you may want to change the search engine you use. Class 6 Dangerous Goods - Toxic Substances; Infectious Substances Toxic substances are those which are liable either to cause death or serious injury or to harm human health if swallowed, inhaled or by skin contact. 1 0 Reply L Southern Style 4 Bella_Fantasia l` 6 months ago I We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy laws It. J--, vv. —J IL.. vul Iyvu va.yyS....aa uI 1.,LI I'._.I vim. awe vI I '_.I IyII Ia.. besides Duck? While I do not know all the specifics, it has been painfully clear to me that we're being constantly poisoned. Just the thought of depleted uranium makes me feel faint. One only needs to be grazed by a bullet with DU. Twelve years of trying to expose geoengineering informs me pretty well. My computers are nearly fatally infested... Keep fighting the good fight Southern Style : ) 0 0 Reply L isMOLLY29 — I' _ 6 months ago Fluoride is a toxin and its a CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY TO PUT IT IN THE WATER. 3 0 Reply I 0 Nod — I+ _ 6 months ago It is not beneficial used systemically. THAT IS THE ISSUE OF PRIMACY. It is genotoxic and mutagenic, damages thyroid function, pineal gland function and much more, and the EPA declares it a class 4 developmental neurotoxin when used systemically. The rest of it is irrelevant bull. And the government workers who promote it belong in jail. 3 0 Reply I Mmcwinaz — I' 6 months ago I have no doubt that this, too, was looked at as a possible population reduction strategy. However, they probably didn't count on so many people adapting to the toxicity and, instead, just suffering with other side effects. But we all know how the govt operates. Like everything we're trying to stop them from doing, they are going to dig in their heels and do whatever it takes to not cave to people smarter than them. 3 0 Reply L . Ronald Martono 4 mcwinaz 6 months ago I■ I think the main thing that "They know" and which is the real purpose is that the fluoride compounds that are added to water, toothpaste etc (in particular sodium fluoride compounds) lead to a very effective calcification of the pineal gland, which makes We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy Nod 4 Ronald Martono 6 months ago Pineal gland = sleep. Calcified pineal gland = reduced melatonin Production = reduced sleep = sick people. 3 0 Reply L boxerdoglover 6 months ago It shouldn't be in the water at all...it's nuclear waste. 0 0 Reply L I■ I• Bella_Fantasia I` 6 months ago In the early 1990's a young child in our family had her teeth coated with something to prevent cavities. It was paid for by Medicaid. This young woman never had a cavity until recently, at age 32. There never has been any reason to ingest this demon fluoride. 0 0 Reply L Bella_Fantasia 6 months ago When did the USG ever care about the state of our teeth? I• I've been hyper sensitive and allergy prone all my long life, but I've never been keen on drinking water. Cannot drink water on an empty stomach. I get stomach ache or feel like throwing up. Fully purified water is s0000 special. Our water source is a glacial lake. Can you believe they add chlorine and fluoride to perfect water? People have tried to get the city assembly to revisit the decision to no avail. Even with my sensitivities and experiences, what worries me the most is the precedent of adding We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy prey Support news that prioritizes your children's well-being DONATE Latest News -cam next Failed to Protect Consumers RFK Jr., CHD Landmark i Toxic PFAS, Lawsuit Alleges Censorship Lawsuit Against Biden Administration Headed Back to Lower Court Latest Views prey :ica Is Losing Farmers as .te Investors Scoop Up Land , '•\,; _J ____ .1; next Watch: COVID Shots Linked to Increased Risk of Alzheimer's We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy Get Text Alerts Sign up for breaking news from The Defender 123-456-7890 REQUIRED. Phone number must be in a standard 10 -digit format: 1234567890 or 123-456-7890 CONTINUE Currently only eligible for numbers in the U.S. and Canada. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy THE DEFENDER IS AVAILABLE IN: EN ES PT DE IT FR -lea Ith Defense Children's Health Defense® is a 501(c)(3) non- profit organization. Our mission is ending childhood health epidemics by eliminating toxic exposure. We will restore and protect the health of children by eliminating environmental exposures, holding responsible parties accountable, and establishing safeguards to prevent future harm of children's health. Protecting Children. Exposing Harms. Seeking Justice. TAKE ACTION DONATE FREE SIGN-UP BECOME A MEMBER Donations are tax deductible to the full extent of the law. EIN #26-0388604 Children's Health Defense • Legal Disclaimer Terms of Use • Privacy Policy. • Donate About Us • Work for CHD • Contact • Social Membership Login & FAQ. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. OK Privacy Policy SOLVAY �JJ Product Safety Summary Sodium Fluoride CAS No. 7681-49-4 This Product Safety Summary is intended to provide a general overview of the chemical substance. The information on the summary is basic information and is not intended to provide emergency response information, medical information or treatment information. The summary should not be used to provide in-depth safety and health information. In-depth safety and health information can be found in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the chemical substance. Names • Sodium fluoride (SF) • Natrium fluoride • Sodium monofluoride (NaF) Product Overview Solvay Fluorides, LLC does not sell sodium fluoride (SF) directly to consumers. Most sodium fluoride is used in industrial applications and processes. Sodium fluoride is used for water fluoridation, as a metal surface treatment and cleaner, as a glass etchant, and for pH adjustment in industrial textile processing or laundries. When added to toothpaste, it increases the strength of teeth by the formation of fluorapatite, a naturally occurring component of tooth enamel. Sodium fluoride is also used as a wood preservative and an insecticide. Sodium fluoride is a toxic chemical and contact can severely irritate the skin or eyes. Breathing sodium fluoride dust can irritate the nose, throat, and lungs. Contact of sodium fluoride with water or extended skin contact can release hydrofluoric acid, a very dangerous acid. Inhalation or ingestion of large amounts of sodium fluoride can cause nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Exposure to high concentrations or long term exposure to lower concentrations can cause fluoride poisoning with stomach pain, weakness, convulsions, collapse and death. It can also cause deposits of fluorides in bones and teeth, a condition called fluorosis. This may cause pain, disability and discoloration. The above health effects do NOT occur with the levels of sodium fluoride typically used in water for preventing cavities in teeth (water fluoridation). Page 1 of 5 Copyright 2010-2013, Solvay America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. SOLVAY Manufacture of Product Solvay Fluorides, LLC., currently imports its sodium fluoride, although it has made SF at its United States production facility in the past. All Solvay Fluorides, LLC's sodium fluoride is certified to meet or exceed the purity required for use in water fluoridation systems. Composition and quality requirements for that use are governed by NSF International / ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Standard 60 and American Water Works Association Standard B701. • Solid sodium fluoride is usually made by neutralizing hydrofluoric acid with sodium hydroxide and then drying to form crystals. HF + NaOH H NaF + H2O Product Description Sodium fluoride (SF) is a solid. The solid is an odorless, white crystal. Typical physical properties for Sodium fluoride are provided in Table 1. Table 1: Typical physical properties sodium fluoride Melting Point approx. 1818°F (992°C) Bulk Density 1,000 - 1,400 kg/m3 Solubility 42 g/I 68° F (20°C) pH @ 68°F (20°C) 7.4 saturated solution Flash Point Non- flammable Vapor Pressure 1.33 hPa @ 1971 F (1070° C) Product Uses Sodium fluoride is used for water fluoridation, as a metal surface treatment and cleaner, as a glass etchant, and for pH adjustment in industrial textile processing or laundries. When added to toothpaste, it increases the strength of teeth by the formation of fluorapatite, a naturally occurring component of tooth enamel. Sodium fluoride is also used as a wood preservative and an insecticide. Exposure Potential • Workplace Exposure - Exposure can occur at either a sodium fluoride manufacturing facility or a manufacturing, packaging or storage facility that handles sodium fluoride. Exposure may also occur in the event of a transportation incident. Persons involved in maintenance, sampling and testing activities, or in the loading and unloading of sodium fluoride packages are at greater risk Page 2 of 5 Copyright 2010-2013, Solvay America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. SOLVAY of exposure. Following good industrial hygiene practices will minimize the likelihood of exposure; however, persons involved in higher risk activities should always wear proper personal protective equipment such as rubber gloves and boots, respiratory protection, goggles and a hard hat. Please consult the Safety Data Sheet for occupational exposure limits. • Consumer Exposure to Products Containing Sodium Fluoride - Solvay Fluorides, LLC does not sell sodium fluoride directly to consumers. Users should follow manufacturer's use and/or label instructions if sodium fluoride is listed as a component. Adverse health effects do NOT occur with the levels of sodium fluoride typically used in water for preventing cavities in teeth (water fluoridation). Environmental Releases - Spills of sodium fluoride should be contained and isolated from waterways and sewers or drains. Small spills of solid sodium fluoride should be swept or shoveled up and placed in suitable containers for disposal. The contaminated area should be washed down with plenty of water. Lime or calcium hydroxide may be used to neutralize the contaminated water and immobilize the fluoride ions as calcium fluoride. Disposal should be in accordance with applicable local, state or federal regulations. Persons attempting to clean up sodium fluoride spills should wear proper personal protective equipment (see guidelines in Workplace Exposure section of this document or Safety Data Sheet). If required, report spills to the appropriate state or federal authorities. Fires - Fires involving sodium fluoride should be extinguished using measures appropriate to the circumstances and surrounding environment. Hazardous decomposition products may be generated. Fire fighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective suits. For additional information concerning sodium fluoride emergency response procedures, please consult the Safety Data Sheet. Health Information The concentrations of sodium fluoride potentially found in consumer products may pose risk of symptoms due to skin, ingestion or inhalation exposure. Persons suffering from eye or ingestion exposure to certain consumer strength sodium fluoride products may experience symptoms similar to persons exposed to industrial strength sodium fluoride (see below). Exposures to industrial strength sodium fluoride can produce the following adverse health affects: Contact - Skin exposures can cause moderate eye and skin irritation. Burns can occur if treatment is delayed after exposure to sodium fluoride. Inhalation - The inhalation of sodium fluoride dust can cause nose and throat irritation. Prolonged exposures may cause sore throat, nosebleeds and chronic bronchitis. High concentration exposures may cause hypocalcemia with nervous system disorders (tetany) and Page 3 of 5 Copyright 2010-2013, Solvay America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. SOLVAY cardiac arrhythmia (reduced calcium levels, spasms and irregular heart beat). Chronic inhalation of sodium fluoride can cause skeletal fluorosis (adverse changes in bone structure.) Ingestion - The ingestion of sodium fluoride may cause salivation, burns of the mouth and throat and irritation of the esophagus and stomach, nausea, bloody vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, risk of convulsions, loss of consciousness, deep coma and heart failure. Hypocalcemia with nervous system disorders (tetany) and cardiac arrhythmia (reduced calcium levels) may also occur. Ingestion of sodium fluoride may be fatal. Chronic ingestion of ammonium fluoride can cause dental fluorosis (discoloring of teeth) and skeletal fluorosis (adverse changes in bone structure). Other Effects - The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has not determined sodium fluoride to be carcinogenic (cancer causing). For more information on health effects and routes of exposure, or for information concerning proper first aid measures, please consult the Safety Data Sheet. Environmental Information Sodium fluoride is not known to bioaccumulate or persist in the environment more than a few days. However, it can decompose in moist, acidic environments liberating hydrofluoric acid. For more ecological and environmental information concerning this product, please consult the Safety Data Sheet. Physical Hazard Information Sodium fluoride is corrosive and can corrode certain metals. It is not flammable or explosive. Sodium fluoride will react with water (including perspiration) and may form hydrofluoric acid. Exposure of sodium fluoride to strong acids, and water or high temperatures can cause decomposition. Decomposition of sodium fluoride will result in the liberation of hydrogen fluoride and possibly other hazardous products. Avoid contact with glass. For more information concerning the physical hazards of this product, please consult the Safety Data Sheet. Regulatory Information Regulations may exist that govern the manufacture, sale, export, import, storage, transportation, use and/or disposal of this chemical. These regulations can vary by city, state, country or geographic region. Information may be found by consulting the relevant Safety Data Sheet specific to your country or region. Page 4 of 5 Copyright 2010-2013, Solvay America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. SOLVAY Additional Information • Solvay America, Inc. www.solvaynorthamerica.com • Solvay Fluorides, LLC www.solvaychemicals.us • Solvay Fluorides, LLC Safety Data Sheet www.solvaychemicals.us/EN/Literature/LiteratureDocuments.aspx • Contact Solvay Fluorides, LLC solvaychemicals.ustsolvay.com • NJ Department of Health & Senior Services Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets httD://web.doh.state.ni.us/rtkhsfs/factsheets.asDx • NSF International Standard 60 www.nsf.com/business/water distribution/standards.asp?program=WaterDistributionSys • American Water Works Association http://apps.awwa.org/WaterLibrary/ShowAbstract.aspx?an=0027643 • This summary was prepared in April, 2010 This summary was revised in September, 2013 NOTICE To our actual knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate as of the date of this document. However, neither Solvay America, Inc. nor any of its affiliates makes any warranty, express or implied, or accepts any liability in connection with this information or its use. This information is for use by persons at their own discretion and risk and does not relate to use of this product in combination with any other substance or any other process. This is not a license under any patent or other proprietary right. The user alone must finally determine suitability of any information or material for any contemplated use in compliance with applicable law, the manner of use and whether any patents are infringed. This information gives typical properties only and is not to be used for specification purposes. Solvay America, Inc. reserves the right to make additions, deletions or modifications to the information at any time without prior notification. Trademarks and/or other products of the company referenced herein are either trademarks or registered trademarks of the company mentioned or its affiliates, unless otherwise indicated. Page 5 of 5 Copyright 2010-2013, Solvay America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. • •' Living Whole $0.00 (https://www.Iivingwhole.com.au) I Product Categories WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU BOIL FLUORIDE? Let's find out! —j What happens when you boil fluoride? What happens when you boil fluoride? Q Living Whole (https://www.livingwhole.com.au/author/brett- tandycodeconnect-com-au/), - O 23 May 2023 - d Articles (https://www.livingwhole.com.au/news/). Fluoride is a naturally occurring element that is found in many sources of drinking water. While it can be beneficial for dental health, excessive consumption of fluoride can lead to a range of health concerns, including weakened bones and dental fluorosis. As such, it's important to understand what happens when we boil our drinking water with regards to fluoride. Boiling water is a common practice for many households. It's used for cooking, cleaning, and as a means to make water safe for drinking by killing off bacteria. However, boiling water can have an unexpected effect on the levels of fluoride found in the water. To explore this phenomenon, a study was conducted (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282771070_ Effect_of_bo Benchtop Water Filters (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Benchtop -Water-Filter/) Bokashi Bins (H ttps://Www. Livi ngwh ole.Com.Au/./Bokashi- Bins/), Ceramic Water Filters (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Ceramic- Water-Filters/), Compost Bins (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Compost- Bin-Australia/) Consumables (H ttps://Www. Livi ngwh ole.Com.Au/./Consuma tiles/) EMF Meters (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./E mf- M ete rs/) Fluoride Water Filters (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Fluoride- Water-Filters/) Freestanding Vertical Gardens (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Freestand ing-Vertical-Garden- Australia/) Grain Mills (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Grain- M i l l-Austra l is/) Mockmill Grain Mills (Https://Www. Livi ngwh iling-and-storage-in-five different commonly used cooking _�vessel s_on_water_fluoride_concentration) to evaluate the effect of cooking vessel composition on the concentration of fluoride in the water used for cooking and its effect on fluoride levels after storage for 24 hours. The study used a standard water sample of 1 part per million (ppm) fluoride concentrations, which was boiled in five commonly used cooking vessels in India: Aluminum, Earthen pot, Stainless Steel, Teflon, and Glass. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in fluoride concentration in water boiled in Teflon and Stainless Steel vessels, while a decrease was observed in Aluminum, Earthen Pot, and Glass vessels. This suggests that the composition of the cooking vessel can impact the level of fluoride found in the water after boiling. After 24 hours of storage, there was a further drop in fluoride concentration in water stored in Aluminum and Earthen pot vessels, while there was an increase in fluoride concentration in water stored in Teflon vessel. This study's findings align with the general scientific consensus that boiling water will not remove fluoride. Instead, boiling water increases the concentration of fluoride relative to the water volume because the volume of water decreases due to steam evaporation. ole.Com.Au/./Mockmill- Grain-Mills/). Waldner Grain Mills (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Waldner- Grain-Mills/) Gravity Water Filters (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Gravity_ Water -Filters/) Hand Mills (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Hand- Mills/) Hydroponic Gardening Supplies (H ttps://Www. Livi ngwh ole.Corn .Au/./Hydrop_ n ic-Gardening-Supplies/) Leak Stopper (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Leak- Stopper/) PEAS Water Filters (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Pfas- Water-Filters/) Rain Water Tank Filters (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Rain- Water-Tank-Filters/), Red Light Therapy (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Red-Light- Therapy-Australia/) Replacement Filter Cartridges (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Replacem ent-Filter-Cartidges/) Reverse Osmosis Water Filters (H ttps://Www. Livi ngwh kettle boiling water ole.Com.Au/./Reverse- Osmosis-Water-Filters/). The importance of this study lies in the fact that fluoride is a Countertop Reverse chemical that, when consumed in excess, can lead to serious health Osmosis (Https://Www.Livingwh concerns, particularly in children. This is why many communities ole.Com.Au/./Counterto have opted for water fluoridation programs, which add controlled p -Reverse -Osmosis - and supposedly safe levels of fluoride to their water supply. water -Filters/) However, if boiling water increases the fluoride concentration, it Under Sink Reverse raises concerns about water fluoridation programs' effectiveness Osmosis (Https://Www.Livingwh and safety. ole.Com.Au/./Under- Sink-Reverse-Osmosis- This brings up the question of why fluoride continues to be added Water -Filters/) to drinking water, given the limited evidence of its effectiveness in Shower Filter reducing tooth decay and potential health concerns. The Cochrane Replacement Collaboration, a respected research organization, has conducted Cartridges (Https://Www.Livingwh several analyses on the benefit of fluoride in drinking water. Their ole.Com.Au/./Shower- findings suggest that there is no significant difference in tooth Filter -Replacement - rates between communities with fluoridated water and those Cartridge/). without it. Moreover, while there was a reduction in tooth decay Shower Filters rates, the effect was modest, and the quality of evidence was low. (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Shower- To us this demonstrates a need for a quality benchtop water filter Filters/) (https://www.livingwhole.com.au/./benchtop-water-filter/) that spare Parts removes fluoride. (Https://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Spare- These findings suggest that the benefit of water fluoridation Parts/) programs may have been overestimated. It also raises concerns Uncategorised that the increased concentration of fluoride in boiled water may (L ttps://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Uncatego contribute to excessive fluoride consumption, leading to adverse rised/) health outcomes. Under Sink Water Filters Given these concerns, it's crucial that communities have the option (Https://Www.Livingwh to decide on water fluoridation programs and perhaps we should ole.Com.Au/./Under- all be considering effective fluoride water filters Sink -Water -Filters/) (https://www.livingwhole.com.au/fluoride-water-filters/). Several Water Distillers countries, such as Japan, Germany, and Sweden, have already (Lttps://Www.Livingwh ole.Com.Au/./Water- decided against water fluoridation, and the US has been seeing a Distillers/) growing number of cities and towns choosing to stop the practice. While water fluoridation may have once been a popular public Search health measure, it's essential to consider all available evidence to determine if it is still necessary and effective. In the meantime, there are methods for reducing fluoride intake when boiling water. One option is to use a fluoride water filter specifically designed to remove fluoride from drinking water. These filters work by using activated alumina or reverse osmosis to remove fluoride from the water supply. They are particularly useful for communities without access to alternative sources of water that have lower fluoride concentrations. Another option is to opt for using cooking vessels made of materials that do not increase fluoride concentration in water. The study found that Aluminum and Earthen pot vessels led to a decrease in fluoride concentration in boiled water, making them a safer choice for cooking or boiling water. Moreover, these materials have been used for centuries to cook and store water, demonstrating their effectiveness and safety. Boiling water does not remove fluoride (https://www.livingwhole.com.au/does-boiling-water-remove- fluoride/) but instead increases its concentration relative to the water volume. This highlights the need for caution when boiling water in communities with water fluoridation programs, as it could contribute to excessive fluoride consumption. The study also highlights the importance of using cooking vessels made of materials that reduce fluoride concentration in boiled water. Ultimately, while fluoride has been traditionally considered essential for dental health, it's becoming increasingly clear that its effectiveness and safety need to be reassessed. Communities should have the option to choose whether or not to participate in water fluoridation programs and make informed decisions about their drinking water intake. By staying informed about the benefits and risks of fluoride consumption, we can ensure safe and healthy drinking water for all. > YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE Is h4hole Wheat Flour the Same as Wholemeal Flour in Australia? (h.ttps:!/www.Iivingw hole.com.au/is- whole-wheat-flour- the-same-as- wholemeal-flour-in- australia/). Is Whole Wheat Flour the Same as Wholemeal Flour in Australia? ,(bps://www.li vingwhole.co m.au/is-whole- wheat-flour- the-same-as- wholemeal- flour-in- australia ). © 1 November 2023 elat0t point of axes thttps://www.livingw hole.com.au/does- reverse-osmosis- water-dehydrate- you/). Does Reverse Osmosis Water Dehydrate You? ,(hps://www.li vingwhole.co m .a u/does- reverse- osmosis- water- d ehyd rate - you ). © 13 July 2024 I Contact Information a What Chemics are in Tap Water`in Australia? (https://www. 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